BIOLOGY INVESTIGATORY PROJECT
2019-20
JAWAHAR NAVODAYA VIDYALAYA
JHARSUGUDA
NAME-ABHAY BADI
CLASS-XII
SUBJECT-BIOLOGY
TOPIC-PLANT DIESEASES
GUIDED BY-DR D.D.BAHALI (PGT
BIOLOGY)
DECLARATION
• I do hereby declare that this project
work has been originally carried
under the guidance and supervision of
Dr. D.D. Bahali, head of biology
department of Jawahar Navodaya
Vidyalaya.
CERTIFICATE
• This is to certify that Abhay Badi, a student
of class XII has successfully completed the
project on the mentioned topic under the
guidance of Dr. D.D.Bahali(PGT Biology)
during the academic year 2019-2020 in
partial fulfillment of biology practical
examination conducted by AISSCE, New
Delhi.
• Sign of external examiner sign biology
teacher
• Sign of principal
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
• I wish to express my deep gratitude and
sincere thanks fo our principal madam D.J.
Mishra and school for providing me with
facilities required to my project .I extend my
hearty thanks to our biology teacher Dr. D.D.
Bahali who guided me to the successful
completion of this project. I would also like
to thank my fellow classmates and laboratory
assistant in developing the project. I offer
thanks to my family who helped me to carry
out this project successfully.
INTRODUCTION
• The project aims to proliferate knowledge
on some disease faced by plants. I hope
the project can help to make awareness
on several types of the plant diseases
and their prevention. Here is information
about five common plant diseases like
rust, potato scab, gray mold, blossom
end rot and cedar apple rust. These are
mainly caused by microorganisms like
fungi, bacteria etc.
INDEX
• 1 DECLARATION
• 2. CERTIFICATE
• 3. ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
• 4. INTRODUCTION
• 5. ABOUT SOME DISEASES
• 6. BIBLIOGRAPHY
• 7. OBSERVATION
• 8. CONCLUSION
SOME PLANT DIESEASES
•Rust
• Identification
There are more than 5,000 known species of rust on plants.
Common rust (Phragmidium spp.) is a fungal disease that
attacks roses, hollyhocks, snapdragons, daylilies, beans etc.
• Rust diseases are favored by 4 to 8 hours of low light intensity,
moisture followed by 8 to 16 hours of high light intensity, high
temperatures and slow drying of leaf surfaces.
• Black spores are visible on leaves and stems in fall and
overwinter inside infected stems which are distinguished by
dark, corky blotches.
Treatment
• Select rust-resistant plant varieties when available.
• Pick off and destroy infected and frequently rake under
plants to remove all fallen debrleaves is.
• Drip irrigation and soaker hoses can be used to help keep
leaves dry.
• Use a slow-release, organic fertilizer on crops and avoid
excess nitrogen. Soft, leafy, new growth is most susceptible.
Potato Scab
Identification
A common tuber disease that
occurs wherever potatoes are grown.
• Potato scab symptoms include dark brown, pithy patches that may
be raised and “warty.”
• Potato scab is caused by a bacterium-like organism, Streptomyces
scabies, that overwinters in soil and fallen leaves.
• The organism can survive indefinitely in slightly alkaline soils, but is
relatively scarce in highly acid soils.
• It is transmitted to plants by infected seed tubers, wind and water.
• Treatment
• We suggest using the russet-skinned varieties since they have more
resistance to the disease.
• Rotate root crops by planting in alternate locations to limit the
disease.
• Potato scab is most prevalent in dry, alkaline soils. Decrease soil pH
by adding elemental sulfur.
• Tilling in a cover crop — mustard, canola, alfalfa — prior to planting
potatoes will help reduce infection
• Gray Mold
• Identification
• Found on a wide range of
• plants (too many to mention),
• gray mold (Botrytis cinerea) is a fungal disease that travels quickly
through gardens, especially during damp, cool to mild weather.
• Disease symptoms appear as grayish colored soft, mushy spots on
leaves, stems, flowers and on produce. Spots may become covered
with a coating of gray fungus spores, especially if humidity is high.
• Fruit or plants shrivel and rot and often develop black, stone-like
sclerotic — a compact mass of hardened fungal filaments — under
rotted parts.
• Gray mold is often found near the soil surface or in the densest
areas of the plant canopy.
• Treatment
• Prune or stake plants to improve air circulation between plants.
• If growing indoors use a small clip-on fan to improve air flow.
• Keep the soil under plants clean and rake up any fallen debris.
• Add a good amount of organic compost or mulch under plants.
Mulches will prevent the fungal spores from splashing back up onto
flowers and leaves.
REFERENCE
• https://www.planetnatural.com/pest-
problem-solver/plant-disease/
OBSERVATION
• From the above project I observed that there are
some different types of microorganisms like fungi,
bacteria which can damage the crop produced by
the farmers. The diseases can be prevented by
some organic methods that are mentioned in the
above project.
CONCLUSION
• From the above project I concluded that the
plant diseases can be prevented by some
organic method without using any chemical
sources. There are many organic methods
to be applied to control the diseases.
THANK YOU
SO
MUCH
