BASIC ELECTRICITY
Basic Concepts
Basic Concepts refer to those words, terms and prepositions
which assist us in the perception and description of the world.
These concepts are usually learned as an integral part of the
process of language acquisition within the framework of the
home, kindergarten and school. The main concepts relate to
the spatial and temporal dimensions of human reality. A child
who learns the names of colours or the names of geometrical
shapes, acquires tools by which he/she will be able to perceive
stimuli in his/her surroundings in a more precise manner. In
paying attention to these attributes the path towards the
organization of the environment is laid.
Electricity is define as the flow of electron or electric current. It is an invisible form
of energy that can be transform into other form of energy like heat light and
mechanical.
Electron is the negatively charge component of an atom. It has the ability to
flow.
Proton is the positively charge component of an atom. It had the ability to
attract electron.
Matter is anything that occupy space and has mass. It can be a solid, liquid or gas in
state.
Atom is the basic component of matter. It composes of a nucleus which is the
central part, the protons and electrons.
Current same as electricity or flow of electron. The amount of current flowing in a
circuit can be measured in ampere (I).
Voltage is the amount of pulling force that makes the electron flow. Also known as
potential difference or EMF(electromotive force). The amount of voltage can be
measured in volt (V).
Resistance is define as the opposition to the flow of current. The amount of
resistance can be measure in ohms (Ω).
Conductors are materials that easily allow the flow of current, or it has a low
resistance to current flow. Examplesaluminum, gold, silver, copper, iron
Insulators are materials that do not easily allow the flow of current, or it has a high
resistance to current flow. Examples; rubber, plastic, paper
In direct current (DC), the flow of electric charge is only in one direction. This is
the type of electricity is produced by batteries, static, and lightning. A voltage is
created, and maybe stored, until it is consumed. The current flows directly, in one
direction.
In the circuit, the current flows at a specific, constant voltage (this is oversimplified
somewhat but good enough for our needs.) When you use a flashlight, pocket radio,
portable CD player or virtually any other type of portable or battery-powered
device, you are using direct current.
Most DC circuits are relatively low in voltage; for example, your car's battery is
approximately 12V, and that's about as high a DC voltage as most people ever use.
Direct currents flow in one direction only, and are constant in time. Their
appearance is that of a straight line which does not vary. They are produced from
power sources such as batteries, power supplies and DC generators. Photovoltaic
devices such as solar cells also generate DC power.
In alternating current (AC, also ac) the movement of electric charge periodically
reverses direction. This type of electricity is produced or generated by AC generators
commonly from a hydro electric plant. It is the commercial power that we use in
homes and offices
Delivered through a power transmission lines, AC current can be reduced
through the use of power transformer to suite for its application. It can also be
converted to DC for a specific purpose. In the Philippines AC is rated as 220V AC at 60
Hz.
Alternating currents change direction, flowing first one way and then the
other. They are sinusoidal waves, so that they change in time. They are produced from
sources such as power supplies and AC generators.
Electric circuit - is the pathways for electricity to flow.
Load - commonly represented by a bulb or any electrical component that
consumes electricity. 2. Supply - Commonly represented by a cell or a battery 3.
Switch - an electrical device that opens or closed a circuit.
SWITCH - is an ELECTRICAL COMPONENT that can "make" or "break" an ELECTRICAL
CIRCUIT, interrupting the CURRENT or diverting it from one conductor to another. The
mechanism of a switch removes or restores the conducting path in a circuit when it is
operated. It may be operated manually, for example, a light switch or a keyboard
button, may be operated by a moving object such as a door, or may be operated by
some sensing element for pressure, temperature or flow. A switch will have one or
more sets of contacts, which may operate simultaneously, sequentially, or alternately.
Switches in high-powered circuits must operate rapidly to prevent destructive arcing,
and may include special features to assist in rapidly interrupting a heavy current.
Open Circuit - a type of circuit that has an open path for current to flow. It means
that current cannot flow in open circuit. The switch is said to be “OPEN” the current
can’t flow into the circuit and the bulb is “OFF”
Closed Circuit - a type of circuit that has a closed path for current to flow. It
means that current can flow in a closed circuit. The switch is said to be “CLOSED”
the current can flow into the circuit and the bulb is “ON”
ELECTRICAL QUANTITIES
AND UNITS
ELECTRICAL QUANTITIES
AND UNITS
According to https://www.khanacademy.org
Defining the standard electrical units. ... The
standard electrical units are defined in a
specific order. The ampere is defined first. It is an
SI base unit, the onlyelectrical unit derived from
the outcome of an experiment. Next up after
the ampere comes the coulomb and charge on
an electron.
INSTRUMENTS AND
MEASUREMENTS
INSTRUMENTS AND
MEASUREMENTS
A measuring instrument is a device
for measuring a physical quantity. In the
physical sciences, quality assurance, and
engineering, measurement is the activity of
obtaining and comparing physical quantities of
real-world objects and events.
(https://www.definitions.net)
Multimeter
A multimeter or a multitester, also
known as a VOM (volt-ohm-
milliammeter), is
an electronic measuring
instrument that combines several
measurement functions in one
unit. A typical multimeter can
measure voltage, current,
and resistance. Analog
multimeters uses
a microammeter with a moving
pointer to display
readings. Digital
multimeters (DMM, DVOM) have
a numeric display, and may also
show a graphical bar
representing the measured value.
Ohmmeter
An ohmmeter is
an electrical instrument that
measures electrical
resistance, the opposition to
an electric current. Micro-
ohmmeters (microhmmeter or
micro ohmmeter) make low
resistance measurements.
Megohmmeters (also a
trademarked
device Megger) measure
large values of resistance. The
unit of measurement for
resistance is ohms (Ω).
Voltmeter
A voltmeter is an instrument
used for measuring electrical
potential difference between
two points in an electric
circuit. Analog voltmeters
move a pointer across a
scale in proportion to the
voltage of the circuit; digital
voltmeters give a numerical
display of voltage by use of
an analog to digital
converter.
