RFU and Antennas Installation
RFU-C Power Consumption
RFU Band 1+0 Configuration 1+1 Configuration
6 – 26 GHz 22 W 39 W
28 – 38 GHz 26 W 43 W
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RFU-C direct mount configurations
1+0 direct
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RFU-C and Antenna Interface Direct Mount
Polarization
4 Proprietary and Confidential
RFU-C remote mount configurations
1+0 remote
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RFU-C direct 1+1 mount configurations
1+1 direct
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RFU-C 1+1 Coupler Direct Mount Polarization
Vertical Polarization Horizontal Polarization
7 Proprietary and Confidential
RFU-C remote mount configurations
1+1 remote
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Orthogonal Mode Transducer (OMT) Installation
Switch to the circular adaptor
(removing the
existing rectangular transition,
swapping the O-ring, and
replacing on the circular
transition).
9 Proprietary and Confidential
OMT Installation Example
10 Proprietary and Confidential
Adaptors for RFU-P Direct Antenna Mount
RFU-P Ant with
adaptor for RFU-C
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Antenna Alignment (1)
• Connect Digital Volt Meter (DVM) to the AGC BNC connector
• Align the antenna until voltage reading is achieved (1.2 to 1.7Vdc)
• Repeat antenna alignment at each end until the minimum dc voltage is
achieved
• 1.30vdc = -30dBm
• 1.45vdc = -45dBm
• 1.60vdc = -60dBm
• etc
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Antenna Alignment (2)
• Compare achieved RX level to
calculated RX level
• Keep aligning until the achieved
level is up to 4 dB away from the
calculated received signal level
• If voltage reading is more than 4
dB away or higher than 1.7vdc,
re-align antenna to remote site
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LINK ID – Antenna Alignment Process
To avoid pointing the antenna to a wrong direction (when both links share the
same frequency), LINK ID can be used to alert when such action is take.
# 101
# 101
# 102
“Link ID
Mismatch”
# 101
“Link ID Mismatch”
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LINK ID – Antenna Alignment Process
Both IDUs of the same link must use the same Link ID
Otherwise, “Link ID Mismatch” alarm will appear in Current Alarms Window
# 101
# 101
# 102
“Link ID
Mismatch”
# 101
“Link ID Mismatch”
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ATPC – Automatic Transmit Power Control
The quality of radio communication between low Power devices varies
significantly with time and environment.
This phenomenon indicates that static transmission power, transmission range,
and link quality, might not be effective in the physical world.
• Static transmission set to max. may reduce lifetime of Transmitter
• Side-lobes may affect nearby Receivers (image)
Main Lobe
Side Lobe
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ATPC – Automatic Transmit Power Control
To address this issue, online transmission power control that adapts to
external changes is necessary.
In ATPC, each node builds a model for each of its neighbors, describing the
correlation between transmission power and link quality.
With this model, we employ a feedback-based transmission power control
algorithm to dynamically maintain individual link quality over time.
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ATPC – Automatic Transmit Power Control
1. Enable ATPC on both sites
2. Set reference RSL (min. possible RSL to maintain the radio link)
3. ATPC on both ends establish a Feedback Channel through the radio link (1byte)
4. Transmitters will reduce power to the min. possible level
5. Power reduction stops when RSL in remote receiver reaches Ref. level
TSL Adjustments Monitored RSL
ATPC Radio Radio Radio
module Transceiver Receiver
- Ref. RSL
Feedback Signal RSL
Radio
Quality required
Receiver change
Site A
Check
Site B
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ATPC OFF = High Power Transmission
ATPC: Disabled ATPC: Disabled
Max. TSL: 10 dBm Max. TSL: 10 dBm
Monitored TSL: 10 dBm Monitored TSL: 8 dBm
Monitored RSL: -53 dBm Monitored RSL: -56 dBm
ATPC Radio Radio Radio
module Transceiver Receiver
- Ref. RSL
Feedback Signal RSL
Radio
Quality required
Receiver change
Site A
Check
Site B
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ATPC ON =
Reduced Power, cost & long-term maintenance
ATPC: Enabled ATPC: Enabled
Ref. RSL: -65 dBm Ref. RSL: - 65 dBm
Max. TSL: 10 dBm Max. TSL: 10 dBm
Monitored TSL: 2 dBm (before 10) Monitored TSL: 2 dBm (before 8)
Monitored RSL: -60 dBm (before 53) Monitored RSL: -63 dBm (before 56)
Note: in case of Radio LOF the power is increased up to configured maximum
power level
ATPC Radio Radio Radio
module Transceiver Receiver
- Ref. RSL
Feedback Signal RSL
Radio
Quality required
Receiver change
Site A
Check
Site B
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ATPC Override Timer
Note: in case of Radio LOF the power is increased up to configured maximum
power level
•As a result the transmitter may cause interferences
•The ATPC Override Timer enables limit this interference
•The timer counts seconds passed since maximum power reached
•Once the timer expires the transmission level is as defined by ATPC
override Tx level
Note: in case of Radio LOF the power is increased up to configured maximum
power level
ATPC Radio Radio Radio
module Transceiver Receiver
- Ref. RSL
Feedback Signal RSL
Radio
Quality required
Receiver change
Site A
Check
Site B
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MRMC – Multi Rate Multi Coding
1. Radio capacity is determined by Channel BW, Modulation and ACM (fixed
or adaptive)
2. Non ACM scripts (old) are still available to support Non-ACM radios
3. ACM TX profile can be different than ACM RX profile.
4. ACM TX profile is determined by remote RX MSE performance.
5. Remote Receiver (RX) initiates ACM profile upgrade or downgrade
6. When MSE is improved above predefined threshold, RX generates a
request to the remote TX to ‘upgrade’ its profile.
7. If MSE degrades below a predefined threshold, RX generates a request to
the remote TX to “downgrade’ its profile.
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MRMC – Multi Rate Multi Coding
Each ACM script has 8 profiles. Profile Modulation
0 QPSK
The radio capacity will be dictated by the
channel BW (see next slide) 1 8QAM
2 16QAM
The lower the modulation the less sensitive
3 32QAM
the receiver is:
4 64QAM
• More system gain 5 128QAM
• Bigger fade margin
6 256QAM (high FEC)
At lower modulation orders the radio link will 7 256QAM (low FEC)
tolerate lower RSL levels. For example:
With 16QAM the radio will drop at (-78dBm)
whereas with 8QAM the radio will drop at
(-82dBm)
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MRMC Adaptive TX Power
Designed to work with ACM in certain scenarios to allow higher Tx power
available at lower order modulation schemes for a given modulation scheme.
When Adaptive TX is disabled:
Maximum TX power is limited by the highest modulation configured in the MRMC ACM
script.
In other words, when link suffers signal degradation, modulation may change from
256QAM to QPSK. However, Max. power will be limited to the value corresponding as
Max. TX in 256QAM.
When Adaptive TX is Enable:
When link suffers signal degradation, modulation may change from 256QAM to QPSK.
However, Max. power will increase to compensate for the signal degradation.
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MRMC Adaptive Power = OFF
256QAM @ Monitored TSL = 18 dBm (Max.)
Signal Degradation
= Lower bit/symbol
16QAM @ MAX. TSL = 18 dBm
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MRMC Adaptive Power = ON
256QAM @ Monitored TSL = 18 dBm(Max.)
Signal Degradation
= Lower bit/symbol
16QAM @ Monitored TSL = 24 dBm
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MRMC Adaptive Power
It is essential that Operators ensure they do not breach any regulator-imposed
EIRP limitations by enabling Adaptive TX.
To better control the EIRP, users can select the required class (Power VS.
Spectrum):
• Class 2
• Class 4
• Class 5B
• Class 6A
• FCC
RFU-C should have version 2.01 (or higher) for proper functionality of
“Adaptive TX Power” feature.
The Effective Isotropic Radiated Power (EIRP) is the apparent power transmitted towards the receiver assuming that the
signal power is radiated equally in all directions
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MRMC Adaptive Power
If enabled, the maximum tx power in lower constellations is limited by the
reference class configured, as listed in the following table.
Reference Class Reference Modulation
Class 2 4
Class 4 16
Class 5B 64
Class 6A 256
FCC 4
The Effective Isotropic Radiated Power (EIRP) is the apparent power transmitted towards the receiver assuming that the
signal power is radiated equally in all directions
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MAC Header Compression
1. No impact on User Traffic
2. Ceragon proprietary Mechanism
3. Improves the effective throughput by up to 45%
4. Effectiveness is reduced as the number of L2 streams is increased
MAC header compression is based on the following:
• Dropping the Preamble + SFD + IFG saves 20 bytes
• Dropping the Ethernet type saves 2 bytes
• Adding a GFP header adds 4 bytes
In addition:
• Frequently repeating SA & DA are learned
• Learned DA & SA are not transmitted
• A short pointer is used instead of the original 12 bytes
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MAC Header Compression
L2 ETH Frame Size [bytes] Improved Capacity
64 45 %
96 29 %
128 22 %
256 11 %
512 5%
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Proprietary and Confidential
Thank You
