University of Jordan

Department of Civil Engineering

" Prestressed Concrete Design "

CH 8: Analysis& Design of Composite Beams

“Shear Design, Deflection Calculations & Example”

Lecturer :- Dr. Maha Alqam

Done By :- Muath Al Shataiwi 8181529
Table of Contents:-

1. Design for Shear

2. Deflection

3. Example
Design For Shear:-

 Recall that shear resistance of the concrete (using elaborate method) is expressed using the following equation:-

𝑉𝑑 𝑉𝑖 𝑀𝑐𝑟𝑒 1
𝑣𝑐𝑖 = 0.05𝜆 𝑓′𝑐 + 𝑏 + ≥ 0.14𝜆 𝑓′𝑐
𝑤 𝑑𝑝 𝑀𝑖 𝑏𝑤 𝑑𝑝
 𝑣𝑐 (𝑠𝑚𝑎𝑙𝑙𝑒𝑟 𝑜𝑓) 𝑉𝑝
𝑣𝑐𝑤= 0.29𝜆 𝑓′𝑐 + 0.30𝑓𝑝𝑐 + 𝑏
𝑤 𝑑𝑝

𝑉𝑖 𝑀𝑐𝑟𝑒
𝑉𝑐𝑖 = 0.05𝜆 𝑓′𝑐 (𝑏𝑤 𝑑𝑝 ) + 𝑉𝑑 + ≥ 0.14𝜆 𝑓′𝑐 (𝑏𝑤 𝑑𝑝 )
𝑀𝑖
 𝑉𝑐 (𝑠𝑚𝑎𝑙𝑙𝑒𝑟 𝑜𝑓) ൞
𝑉𝑐𝑤= (0.29𝜆 𝑓′𝑐 + 0.30𝑓𝑝𝑐 )(𝑏𝑤 𝑑𝑝 ) + 𝑉𝑝

 𝑉𝑢 in the previous chapter is defined as the total factored shear force due to self weight of the beam plus all other
external dead and live loads, irrespective of whether the construction is shored or unshored.

Cont.
Design For Shear:-

 In Composite Beams:-
1. use btr , f′c precast , bw (of the precast beam) and dpc in the previous
equations. 𝑐

𝑑𝑝𝑐
2. 𝑑𝑝𝑐 (the largest of) ൝
0.8 ℎ𝑐 , 𝑤ℎ𝑒𝑟𝑒 ℎ𝑐 = 𝑦𝑡𝑐 + 𝑦𝑏𝑐 , 𝑜𝑟 𝑑𝑝𝑐 + 𝑑𝑐
 Note:- It’s recommended per Ref.1 to extend all stirrups into the CIP
slab and to securely anchor them with 90 degree bend even if the design
is not fully require that (This will generally allow the design to satisfy
minimum tie requirements for horizontal shear transfer at the interface
and improve shear transfer resistance.
 In PPC beams , 𝑑𝑝𝑐 is replaced by 𝑑𝑒𝑐 .
Deflections:-

 Deflection computations of prestressed concrete composite beams are more

complicated than their non-composite PC counterparts, following are the main
reasons:- Recall That :-
1. Since :-
 The precast beam acts as a non composite beams in it’s early life and as a
composite beam after slab hardening.
 𝑓′𝑐 (and/or the mix composition) of both precast beam & the CIP slab are
different.
 The age of the precast beam at loading might be different than the age of the CIP
under the same load (inaccuracies in the computation of the long term creep&
shrinkage factors).

Cont.
Deflections:-

 Therefore, Time dependent deflections shall be significantly influenced by the construction sequence, thereby
necessitating the evaluation of deflection in two separate stages:-
I. 𝐹𝑜𝑟 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑝𝑟𝑒𝑐𝑎𝑠𝑡 𝑏𝑒𝑎𝑚 𝑎𝑙𝑜𝑛𝑒 𝑢𝑛𝑡𝑖𝑙 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑎𝑑𝑑𝑖𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝑜𝑓 𝐶𝐼𝑃 𝑠𝑙𝑎𝑏
II. 𝑇ℎ𝑒 𝐶𝑜𝑚𝑝𝑜𝑠𝑖𝑡𝑒 𝑏𝑒𝑎m
2. Once the slab is added, subsequent prestress losses in the precast beam (i.e. loss of camber) lead to additional long
term deflection, (the effect of which may be magnified due to the restraint provided by the slab).
3. Differential Creep & shrinkage between the CIP slab and the precast beam will further influence long term
deflection .

Cont.
Deflection :-
 The Author of Ref.1 recommends the following sequence for deflection Computations:-

Calculate The instantaneous

elastic deflection due to the Compute Additional long term Determine the instantaneous elastic
initial prestressing force + self deflection until the addition of deflection in the precast beam due
weight of the precast beam the CIP slab (∆𝒂𝒅𝒅 )𝟐 to the slab self weight (∆𝒊 )𝟑
(∆𝒊 )𝟏

Compute the instantaneous

Compute the resulting
deflection due to additional dead Compute the resulting deflection in
deflection at time of addition
load acting on the composite the composite beam (∆𝟔 )
of the slab (∆𝟒 )
beam (∆𝒊 )𝟓

Compute the additional long Compute the instantaneous

Compute total long term
term deflection in the deflection due to live load
deflection under sustained load
composite beam due to assuming composite section (∆𝐢 )𝟗 =
(∆)𝟖
sustained load (∆𝒂𝒅𝒅 )𝟕 ∆𝐋𝐋
Cont.
Deflections:-

 The Author of Ref.1 recommends the following sequence for the

deflection computations (in details) :-
1. Calculate The instantaneous deflection due to 𝐹𝑖 &𝑀𝐺𝑃 “(∆𝒊 )1 “ :-
5𝑊𝐺 𝑙 4
 (∆𝒊 )𝐺 = , (∆𝒊 )𝐹𝑖 is calculated from either Fig.7.5 or 7.6 .
384𝐸𝑐𝑖 𝐼𝑔

 (∆𝒊 )1 = (∆𝒊 )𝐺 + (∆𝒊 )𝐹𝑖

2. Compute ∆𝑎𝑑𝑑 for precast beam alone up to the point where the slab
is added.
 (∆𝑎𝑑𝑑 )2 = 𝝀1 (∆𝒊 )1
 where 𝝀1 : a coefficient estimated for the age of the precast beam at the
moment the slab is added.
𝐶𝐶𝑈
 𝝀1 = 2
, where 𝐶𝐶𝑈 =

Cont.
Deflections:-

3. Determine the instantaneous elastic deflection in the precast beam due to the slab self weight (∆𝒊 )3 (Depend on
whether the beam is shored or not):-
If the beam is shored (use composite section properties) :-
5𝑊𝑠𝑙𝑎𝑏 𝑙 4
(∆𝑖 )3 =
384𝐸𝑐 𝐼𝑔𝑐
If the beam is unshored (use Precast beam section properties) :-
5𝑊𝑠𝑙𝑎𝑏 𝑙 4
(∆𝑖 )3 =
384𝐸𝑐 𝐼𝑔
4. Calculate ∆𝟒 , which is: “The resulting deflection at time of addition of the slab” ,that is equal:
∆𝟒 = (∆𝒊 )𝟏 + (∆𝒂𝒅𝒅 )𝟐 + (∆𝒊 )𝟑
5. Calculate (∆𝒊 )5 ,which is :The instantaneous deflection due to additional dead load such as ( partitions &
wearing surface) acting on the composite beam.

Cont.
Deflections:-

6. Compute the resulting deflection in the Composite Beam, Call it ∆6 , that is equal to ∆𝟒 + (∆𝒊 )5 .
7. Estimate additional long term deflection due to sustained load, call it (∆𝑎𝑑𝑑 )7 𝑤ℎ𝑒𝑟𝑒 (∆𝑎𝑑𝑑 )7 = 𝝀2 ∆6 ,
𝝀2 : a coefficient to be estimated similar to the creep coefficient for the period spanning the remaining service life
𝝀2 = 0.6𝐶𝐶𝑈 .
8. Estimate total long term deflection under sustained load, call it (∆)8 , where (∆)8 = (∆𝑎𝑑𝑑 )7 + ∆6 .
9. Compute instantaneous deflection due to live load assuming composite section properties, call it (∆𝑖 )9 , where :
𝟓𝑾𝑳𝑳 𝒍𝟒
(∆𝑖 )9 = ∆𝐿𝐿 = 𝟑𝟖𝟒𝑬𝒄 𝑰𝒈𝒄

10. Check against ACI Code deflection limitations (i.e. ∆𝐿𝐿 & [∆𝐿𝐿 + (∆𝑎𝑑𝑑 )7 ])
Note that because the absolute value of (∆𝑎𝑑𝑑 )7 could be greater than [∆𝐿𝐿 + (∆𝑎𝑑𝑑 )7 ] , both conditions must be
checked against the code limitation.

Cont.
Example:-

 For the above composite floor system , determine the following :-

1. The Geometric properties of the precast beam and the composite section.
2. Plot the feasibility domain & determine the optimum F and 𝑒°
Cont.
Example:-
Description Symbol Value
3. Compute F & 𝑒° numerically (i.e. exact value of F ). 1-Mechanical Proparties (Precast Beam)
Final 28 day compressive strength (Mpa) 𝑓′𝑐 𝑝𝑟𝑒𝑐𝑎𝑠𝑡 35
4. If the Area of one strand is 98.71 mm², compute the actual
Initial concrete compresive strength ,Mpa 𝑓′𝑐𝑖 𝑝𝑟𝑒𝑐𝑎𝑠𝑡 28
number of strands, round up to an even number and verify your 𝑓𝑝𝑒
Effective Prestress, Mpa 1034
selection by checking stresses using table 8.3,way 1 . 𝑓𝑝
Yield stresses of prestressing steel , Mpa 1655
5. Check the ultimate moment at midspan and state where the Ultimate Strength of Prestressing steel , Mpa 𝑓𝑝𝑢 1862
numeral axis will lay at ultimate . Factor Represinting Prestress loss, 𝑓𝑝𝑒 𝑓𝑝𝑖 0.85
6. Check minimum and maximum steel requirements using the 2-Mechanical Proparties (CIP Slab)
ACI code provisions. Final 28 day compressive strength (Mpa) 𝑓′𝑐 𝑠𝑙𝑎𝑏 35
3-Allowable Stresses (refer to table 3.4)
7. Find the stirrups for vertical shear at h/2 from the centerline of
Initial Tension , Mpa 𝑡𝑖 -1.3
pad support, assume double drape profile with a support 𝑐𝑖
Initial Compression, Mpa 16.6
eccentricity , 𝑒𝑠𝑢𝑝𝑝𝑜𝑟𝑡 = 6.35 𝑚𝑚 , use the elaborate method for
Service Tension (Class U), Mpa 𝑡𝑠 -2.9
the calculations of 𝒗𝒄 , using the given tendon profile , compute Service Compression , Mpa 𝑐𝑠 20.7
the necessary eccentricity at first critical section. Service Sustained Compression, Mpa 𝑐𝑠𝑢𝑠 15.5
8. Check Horizontal shear. Service Slab Compression, Mpa ( 𝑐 )𝑠𝑙𝑎𝑏 12.4
4- External Loads
9. Check ACI Code deflection at midspan per the procedure 𝑤𝐿𝐿
Live Load, KN/m² 2.4
discussed in this chapter .
Unit weight of the concrete slab, KN/m² ( 𝑐 ) 𝑠𝑙𝑎𝑏 17.3
Unit weight of the concrete beam, KN/m² ( 𝑐 ) 𝑝𝑟𝑒𝑐𝑎𝑠𝑡 23.6

Cont.
Solution:-
1. Determine the Geometric properties of the precast beam and the composite section ?

𝑏𝑤 +16 ℎ𝑓 305 + 16 152 = 2737 𝑚𝑚

I. 𝑏𝑒 𝑠𝑚𝑎𝑙𝑙𝑒𝑟 𝑜𝑓 ቐ 𝑆 = ቐ 1830 𝑚𝑚 = 1830 𝑚𝑚
𝐿 15250
= 3813 𝑚𝑚
4 4
𝐸𝑐 𝑠𝑙𝑎𝑏
II. 𝑏𝑡𝑟 = 𝑏𝑒 𝐸 = 𝑏𝑒 𝑛𝑐 .. (Modulus of Elasticity From (Table 2.4)
𝑐 𝑏𝑒𝑎𝑚

17.3×1000 1.5
III. 𝐸𝑐 𝑠𝑙𝑎𝑏 = 0.043(𝑊𝑐 𝑠𝑙𝑎𝑏 )1.5 𝑓′𝑐𝑠𝑙𝑎𝑏 = 0.043 × ( 9.81
) × 28 = 16851 𝑀𝑃𝑎

23.6×1000 1.5
IV. 𝐸𝑐𝑖 𝑏𝑒𝑎𝑚 = 0.043(𝑊𝑐 𝑏𝑒𝑎𝑚 )1.5 𝑓′𝑐𝑖𝑏𝑒𝑎𝑚 = 0.043 × ( 9.81
) × 28 = 26848 𝑀𝑃𝑎

23.6×1000 1.5
V. 𝐸𝑐 𝑏𝑒𝑎𝑚 = 0.043(𝑊𝑐 𝑏𝑒𝑎𝑚 )1.5 𝑓′𝑐𝑏𝑒𝑎𝑚 = 0.043 ×( 9.81
) × 35 = 30017 𝑀𝑃𝑎
16851
VI. Therefore , 𝑏𝑡𝑟 = 1830 × 30017 = 1027 𝑚𝑚

Cont.
 Cross sectional properties of the Precast beam :-
I. 𝐴𝑐 = 305 × 610 = 186050 mm2
610
II. 𝑦𝑏 = 2
= 305 𝑚𝑚
305×6103
III. Ig = = 5769100417 mm4
12
 Cross sectional properties of the composite section :-
I. 𝐴𝑐𝑐 = 𝐴𝑐 + 𝑏𝑡𝑟 ℎ𝑓 = 186050 + 1027 × 152 = 342154 mm2
σ 𝐴𝑖 𝑖 186050×305+156104×686
II. 𝑦𝑏𝑐 = σ 𝐴𝑖
= 186050+156104
= 479 𝑚𝑚
𝑏ℎ3
III. Ig𝑐 = σ + 𝐴𝑐𝑐𝑖 × (𝑦𝑐𝑐𝑖 − 𝑦𝑏𝑐 )2 = 18393436348 mm2
12

Cont.
 The Geometric Properties for both the precast beam and the composite section :-

Precast beam cross sectional

properties Composite beam cross sectional
properties
Dim. Value Units
Dim. Value Units
H 610 𝑚𝑚
ℎ𝑐 762 𝑚𝑚
𝑦𝑡 305 𝑚𝑚
𝑦𝑡𝑐 283 𝑚𝑚
𝑦𝑏 305 𝑚𝑚
𝑦𝑏𝑐 479 𝑚𝑚
𝐴𝑐 1860050 𝑚𝑚2
𝐴𝑐𝑐 342154 𝑚𝑚2
𝐼𝑔 5769100417 𝑚𝑚4
𝐼𝑔𝑐 18393436348 𝑚𝑚4
𝑍𝑡 18915083 𝑚𝑚3
𝑍𝑡𝑐 64961112 𝑚𝑚3
𝑍𝑏 18915083 𝑚𝑚3
𝑍𝑏𝑐 38411314 𝑚𝑚3
𝑘𝑡 -102 𝑚𝑚
𝑍′𝑡𝑐 140411314 𝑚𝑚3
𝑘𝑏 102 𝑚𝑚

Cont.
2. Plot the feasible domain & graphically determine the optimum F & 𝒆° at midspan :-

I. Recall that the General equations for shear force & Moment at any distance can be expressed by the following equations

𝐿 𝐿: 𝐿𝑒𝑛𝑔𝑡ℎ 𝑜𝑓 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑏𝑒𝑎𝑚

𝑉𝑥 = 𝑤 −𝑥
2
 ൞ 𝐿−𝑋
→ 𝑤𝑒ℎ𝑒𝑟𝑒 ൞𝑥: 𝑑𝑖𝑠𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑐𝑒 𝑓𝑟𝑜𝑚 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑐𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑙𝑖𝑛𝑒 𝑜𝑓 𝑠𝑢𝑝𝑝𝑜𝑟𝑡 𝑡𝑜 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑠𝑒𝑐𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝑜𝑓 𝑖𝑛𝑡𝑟𝑒𝑠𝑡, 𝑚𝑚
𝑀𝑥 = 𝑤𝑥( ) 𝑤: 𝑢𝑛𝑖𝑡 𝑤𝑒𝑖𝑔ℎ𝑡 𝑜𝑓 𝑖𝑛𝑡𝑟𝑒𝑠𝑡, 𝐾𝑁 𝑚
2
𝛾𝑠𝑙𝑎𝑏 𝑏𝑒 ℎ𝑓 17.3×1830×152
II. Uniform weight of the slab/m , 𝑊𝐶𝐼𝑃𝑆 , where 𝑤𝐶𝐼𝑃𝑆 = = = 4.81 𝐾𝑁 𝑚
1000000 1000000
𝑤𝐿𝐿 𝑏𝑒 2.4×1830
III. Uniform Live Load/m , 𝑊𝐿.𝐿. , where 𝑊𝐿.𝐿. = = = 4.39 𝐾𝑁 𝑚
1000 1000

Cont.
• Summary of Bending Moments and shear Forces :-

IV. Critical section for shear , 𝑥𝑐𝑟𝑖𝑡. , :-

ℎ𝑐 𝑊𝑏𝑒𝑎𝑟𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑏𝑎𝑑 762 305
𝑥𝑐𝑟𝑖𝑡. = + = + = 534 𝑚𝑚
2 2 2 2

Loading Unit load, Midspan Moment, Critical Shear Moment@critical Resisting Section
KN/m KN/m Force@x, KN shear, KN.m

Beam 4.39 127.64 31.14 17.24

Pre-cast section
Slab 4.81 139.89 34.13 18.89
𝑴𝒑 9.20 267.53 65.26 36.13
𝑳𝒊𝒗𝒆 𝑳𝒐𝒂𝒅 4.39 𝟏𝟐𝟕. 𝟔𝟖 31.15 17.24
Composite
SDL 0.00 𝟎. 𝟎𝟎 0.00 0.00
section
𝑴𝒄 4.39 𝟏𝟐𝟕. 𝟔𝟖 31.15 17.24

Cont.
• Sample of calculations for the inequality conditions:-

for stress condition #3(max):-

1 1 𝑍
 𝑒𝑜 ≥ 𝑘𝑏 + 𝐹 𝑀𝑝 + 𝑀𝑐 𝑍′𝑡 − 𝑐𝑠 𝑍𝑡
𝑖 𝜂 𝑡𝑐
1 1 6 18915083
 𝑒𝑜 ≥ 102 + 𝐹 267.53 × 10 + 127.68 × 106 140252301 − 20.7 × 18915083
𝑖 0.85
1
 𝑒𝑜 ≥ 102 + × −125635949
𝐹𝑖

Cont.
 1
 Using Table 8.3, way 2, the results of the eccentricity as a function of 𝐹 will be :-
𝑖

Condition Intercept, b Slope, a (N,mm) 1

𝐹𝑖

1
1 𝑒𝑜 = 102 + 𝟏. 𝟓𝟐 × 𝟏𝟎𝟖
𝐹𝑖

1
2 𝑒𝑜 = -102 + 𝟒. 𝟒𝟐 × 𝟏𝟎𝟖
𝐹𝑖

1
3(max.) 𝑒𝑜 = 102 + −𝟏. 𝟐𝟔 × 𝟏𝟎𝟖
𝐹𝑖

1
3(sus.) 𝑒𝑜 = 𝟏𝟎𝟐 + −𝟑. 𝟎𝟐 × 𝟏𝟎𝟕
𝐹𝑖

1
4 𝑒𝑜 = −𝟏𝟎𝟐 + 𝟑. 𝟒𝟐 × 𝟏𝟎𝟖
𝐹𝑖

Cont.
  The Feasible Domain After plotting the inequalities equations :-

Condition#1 Condition#2 Condition#3 Max. Condition#3 Sus. Condition#4 Condition#5

1/FI
-110

-60

-10 0 0.0000002 0.0000004 0.0000006 0.0000008 0.000001 0.0000012 0.0000014

40
E°

90

140

190

240

Cont.
3. Compute Optimum 𝑭𝒊 &𝒆𝒐 Numerically ?

 Numerically, the exact value of F & eo can be calculated using stress inequalities number 5 in equation Number 4
(Table 8.3- way 3) :-
18915083
((267.53×1000000)+(127.68×1000000× −2.9×18915083))
38411311
 𝐹𝑖 = = 962905 𝑁 ≅ 962.91 𝐾𝑁
(0.85(235−−102)
4. If the Area of one strand is 98.71 mm², compute the actual number of strands, round up to an even number and
verify your selection by checking stresses using table 8.3,way 1?
𝐹 962905
 𝐴𝑝𝑠 𝑟𝑒𝑞. = 𝑓 𝑖 = 1034 = 790 𝑚𝑚2
𝑝𝑖
0.85
𝐴𝑝𝑠 790
𝑟𝑒𝑞.
 𝑁𝑟𝑒𝑞. 𝑠𝑡𝑟𝑎𝑛𝑑𝑠 = 𝐴 = 98.71 = 8.003 ≅ 8 𝑠𝑡𝑟𝑎𝑛𝑑𝑠
𝑝𝑠 𝑝𝑒𝑟 𝑠𝑡𝑟𝑎𝑛𝑑

1034
 𝐹𝑖 𝑎𝑐𝑡. = 790 × = 961 𝐾𝑁@ 𝑒𝑜 = 𝑒𝑜 𝑚𝑝 = 235 𝑚𝑚
0.85

Cont.
4. Checking Flexural Stresses (Based on Table 8.3/way 1):-

Table 8.3-way 1
Top & Bottom Fiber Stresses on Precast Beam
Way 1 - Stress Inequality
Item Actual Allowable Status Unit
Condition Condition
Initial loading stage ,,
1 𝑡𝑖 -0.04 ≥ -1.3 O.K. MPa
2 𝑐𝑖 10.39 ≤ 16.6 O.K. MPa
Final loading stage ,,
3-max. 𝑐𝑠 9.28 ≤ 20.7 O.K. MPa
3-sus. 𝑠𝑢𝑠 8.37 ≤ 15.5 O.K. MPa
4 𝑡𝑠 -2.9 ≥ -2.9 O.K. MPa
slab 𝑐𝑠 𝑠𝑙𝑎𝑏 1.1 ≤ 12.4 O.K. MPa

Cont.
5. Check the ultimate moment at midspan and state where the neutral axis will lay at ultimate ?

 From WSD → 𝐴𝑝𝑠 𝑎𝑐𝑡. = 790 𝑚𝑚2

 Since the Composite beam is made from CIP slab over rectangular precast beam, therefore 𝑏 = 𝑏𝑒 for the purpose of
𝑑𝑝 = 𝑑𝑝𝑐
calculating uniform loads, and ൞ ℎ = ℎ𝑐 For the purpose of calculating section properties .
𝑏 = 𝑏𝑡𝑟
5
I. Calculate 𝛽1 = 0.85 − 7 × 10−2 × 35 − 28 = 0.8
II. Recall 𝑓𝑟 = −0.62 𝑓 ′ 𝑐 (𝑁𝑜𝑟𝑚𝑎𝑙 𝑤𝑒𝑖𝑔ℎ𝑡 𝐶𝑜𝑛𝑐𝑟𝑒𝑡𝑒) = −3.67 𝑀𝑃𝑎 (Table 2.4)
III. 𝑓𝑝 = 0.85𝑓𝑝𝑢 = 0.85 × 1862 = 1582 𝑀𝑃𝑎
𝐴𝑝𝑠 790
IV. 𝜌𝑝 = 𝑏 𝑑𝑝𝑐
= 1027×692 = 0.0011108
𝑡𝑟
𝐴𝑠 𝑓𝑦
V. 𝜔 = 𝑓′ = 0 , (𝑑𝑠 = 𝑑 = 0 , Full Prestressing)
𝑐 𝑏𝑑𝑠

Cont.
VI. Provided using Stress relieved (Bonded tendon) , therefore 𝑝 =0.4

𝛾𝑝 𝑓𝑝𝑢 𝑑′ 0.4 1862

VII. 𝑓𝑝𝑠 = 𝑓𝑝𝑢 [1 − 𝛽 𝜌𝑝 𝑓′ + 𝑑 𝜔 − 𝜔′ = 1862[1 − 0.8 0.00111 +0 = 1807 𝑀𝑃𝑎
1 𝑐 𝑝𝑐 35

VIII. Assume Rectangular Section behavior (c ≤ hf ) , then :

𝐴𝑝𝑠 𝑓𝑝𝑠 + 𝐴𝑠 𝑓𝑦 790×1807+0
𝑐= = 0.85×0.8×35×1027 = 58.4 𝑚𝑚 < ℎ𝑓 = 152 → The Section behaves as rectangular section 
0.85𝛽1 𝑓′𝑐 𝑏𝑡𝑟
𝛽1 𝑐 𝛽1 𝑐 0.8×58
IX. 𝑀𝑛 = 𝐴𝑝𝑠 𝑓𝑝𝑠 𝑑𝑝 − + 𝐴𝑠 𝑓 𝑑𝑠 − = 790 × 1807 692 − = 954.7 𝐾𝑁. 𝑚
2 2 2
𝑐 𝑐 58.4
X. = 𝑤ℎ𝑒𝑟𝑒 𝑑𝑡 = 𝑑𝑝𝑐 , 𝑇ℎ𝑒𝑟𝑒𝑓𝑜𝑟𝑒 , = = 0.0838 < 0.375 → Tension Controlled , ∅ = 0.9
𝑑𝑡 𝑑𝑡 692
XI. Hence , ∅𝑀𝑛 = 0.9 × 954.7 = 859.23 𝐾𝑁. 𝑚 (To be compared with 𝑀𝑢 )
XII. 𝑀𝑢 = 1.2𝑀𝐷𝐿 + 1.6𝑀𝐿𝐿 = 1.2 267.53 + 1.6 127.68 = 525.324 𝐾𝑁. 𝑚
XIII. Since ∅𝑀𝑛 ≥ 𝑀𝑢 → The Section is satisfactory 

Cont.
6. Check Minimum & Maximum steel requirements using the ACI Code Provisions ?

I. Minimum Reinforcement Requirement :-

𝑍𝑏𝑐
 ∆𝑀𝑐𝑟 = 𝐹𝑖 𝑒𝑜 − 𝑘𝑡 − 𝑀𝑝 − 𝑓𝑟 𝑍𝑏𝑐 =
𝑍𝑏
38411311
 ∆𝑀𝑐𝑟 = 18915083 0.85 × 961000 235 − −102 − 267.53 × 1000000 − −3.67 × 38411311 = 156.7 𝐾𝑁. 𝑚
 𝑀𝑐𝑟 = ∆𝑀𝑐𝑟 + 𝑀𝑝 = 156.7 + 267.53 = 424.2 𝐾𝑁. 𝑚 → 1.2𝑀𝑐𝑟 = 509 𝐾𝑁. 𝑚
 Since ∅𝑀𝑛 > 1.2𝑀𝑐𝑟 → Minimum Reinforcement Requirement are satisfied 
2. Maximum Reinforcement Requirement :-
𝑐 58
 𝑑𝑒 = 𝑑𝑝𝑐 = 692 𝑚𝑚 → = = 0.0838 < 0.425 → Maximum Reinforcement Requirement are satisfied 
𝑑𝑒 692

Cont.
7. Find the stirrups for vertical shear at h/2 from the centerline of pad support, assume double drape profile
with a support eccentricity , 𝒆𝒔𝒖𝒑𝒑𝒐𝒓𝒕 = 𝟔. 𝟑𝟓 𝒎𝒎 , use the elaborate method for the calculations of 𝒗𝒄 ,
using the given tendon profile , compute the necessary eccentricity at first critical section. ?

 Vertical shear to be checked at 𝑥𝑐𝑟𝑖𝑡. = 534 𝑚𝑚

235−6.35 534
 The eccentricity at 𝑥𝑐𝑟𝑖𝑡. = + 6.35 = 33 𝑚𝑚
4575
ℎ 610
 @ 𝑥𝑐𝑟𝑖𝑡. → 𝑑𝑝𝑐 @𝑥𝑐𝑟𝑖𝑡. = 33 + 2 + ℎ𝑓 = 33 + 2 + 152 = 490 𝑚𝑚

𝑑𝑝𝑐 @𝑥𝑐𝑟𝑖𝑡. = 490 𝑚𝑚

 𝑑𝑝𝑐 @𝑥𝑐𝑟𝑖𝑡. , 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑙𝑎𝑟𝑔𝑒𝑟 𝑜𝑓, ቊ
0.8ℎ𝑐 = 0.8 × 762 = 610 𝑚𝑚 → 𝐶𝑜𝑛𝑡𝑟𝑜𝑙𝑠

Cont.
 𝑉𝑢 = 𝑉𝐷𝑙 + 𝑉𝐿𝐿 = 1.2 65.26 + 1.6 31.15 = 128.2 𝐾𝑁
𝑉𝑢 128200
 𝑣𝑢 = = = 0.689 𝑀𝑃𝑎
𝑏𝑤 𝑑𝑝𝑐 305×610
𝑣𝑢 0.689
 = = 0.919 𝑀𝑃𝑎 , Also 𝜆 = 1
∅ 0.75
1. Calculate concrete shear resistance using the elaborate method 𝑣𝑐 :
𝑉𝑑 𝑉𝑖 𝑀𝑐𝑟𝑒 1
𝑣𝑐𝑖 = 0.05𝜆 𝑓′𝑐 + + ≥ 0.14𝜆 𝑓′𝑐
𝑏𝑤 𝑑𝑝 𝑀𝑖 𝑏𝑤 𝑑𝑝𝑐
 𝑣𝑐 𝑠𝑚𝑎𝑙𝑙𝑒𝑟 𝑜𝑓 𝑉𝑝
𝑣𝑐𝑤= 0.29𝜆 𝑓′𝑐 + 0.30𝑓𝑐 + 𝑏
𝑤 𝑑𝑝

Cont.
 𝑽𝒅 𝑽𝒊 𝑴𝒄𝒓𝒆 𝟏
1. 𝒗𝒄𝒊 = 𝟎. 𝟎𝟓𝝀 𝒇′𝒄 + 𝒃 + ≥ 𝟎. 𝟏𝟒𝝀 𝒇′𝒄 ,Where :-
𝒘 𝒅𝒑𝒄 𝑴𝒊 𝒃𝒘 𝒅𝒑𝒄

1 , 𝑁𝑜𝑟𝑚𝑎𝑙 𝑤𝑒𝑖𝑔ℎ𝑡 𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑐𝑟𝑒𝑡𝑒

I. 𝜆 = ൞0.85, 𝑠𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑙𝑖𝑔ℎ𝑡 𝑤𝑒𝑖𝑔ℎ𝑡 𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑐𝑟𝑒𝑡𝑒
0.75, 𝑎𝑙𝑙 𝑙𝑖𝑔ℎ𝑡 𝑤𝑒𝑖𝑔ℎ𝑡 𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑐𝑟𝑒𝑡𝑒
II. 𝑣𝑐𝑖 = 𝐹𝑙𝑒𝑥𝑢𝑟𝑎𝑙 𝑆ℎ𝑒𝑎𝑟 𝑟𝑒𝑠𝑖𝑠𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑐𝑒 𝑀𝑃𝑎
III. 𝑏𝑤 = 𝑤𝑖𝑑𝑡ℎ 𝑜𝑓 𝑎 𝑟𝑒𝑐𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑔𝑢𝑙𝑎𝑟 𝑠𝑒𝑐𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝑜𝑟 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑤𝑖𝑑𝑡ℎ 𝑜𝑓 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑤𝑒𝑏 𝑖𝑛 𝑎 𝑓𝑙𝑎𝑛𝑔𝑒𝑑 𝑠𝑒𝑐𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 = 305 𝑚𝑚
IV. 𝑑𝑝𝑐 = 𝐷𝑖𝑠𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑐𝑒 𝑓𝑟𝑜𝑚 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑒𝑥𝑡𝑟𝑒𝑚𝑒 𝑐𝑜𝑚𝑝𝑟𝑒𝑠𝑠𝑖𝑣𝑒 𝑓𝑖𝑏𝑒𝑟 𝑡𝑜 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑐𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑟𝑜𝑖𝑑 𝑜𝑓 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑝𝑟𝑒𝑠𝑡𝑟𝑒𝑠𝑠𝑒𝑑 𝑟𝑒𝑖𝑛𝑓𝑜𝑟𝑐𝑒𝑚𝑒𝑛𝑡
𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑖𝑠 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑙𝑎𝑟𝑔𝑒𝑟 𝑜𝑓 𝑑𝑝𝑐 or 0.8ℎ𝑐 = 610 𝑚𝑚
V. 𝑉𝑑 = 𝑢𝑛𝑓𝑎𝑐𝑡𝑜𝑟𝑒𝑑 𝑠ℎ𝑒𝑎𝑟 𝑓𝑜𝑟𝑐𝑒 𝑑𝑢𝑒 𝑡𝑜 𝑠𝑒𝑙𝑓 𝑤𝑒𝑖𝑔ℎ𝑡 𝑜𝑓 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑐𝑜𝑚𝑝𝑜𝑠𝑖𝑡𝑒 𝑏𝑒𝑎𝑚𝑠 @𝑥𝑐𝑟𝑖𝑡. = 534 𝑚𝑚 →
31.14 + 34.13 = 65.27 𝐾𝑁
VI. 𝑉𝑖 = 𝑓𝑎𝑐𝑡𝑜𝑟𝑒𝑑 𝑠ℎ𝑒𝑎𝑟 𝑓𝑜𝑟𝑐𝑒 𝑑𝑢𝑒 𝑡𝑜 𝑠𝑢𝑝𝑒𝑟𝑖𝑚𝑝𝑜𝑠𝑒𝑑 𝑑𝑒𝑎𝑑 +
𝐿𝑖𝑣𝑒 𝑙𝑜𝑎𝑑@𝑥𝑐𝑟𝑖𝑡. 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑢𝑛𝑑𝑒𝑟 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑠𝑎𝑚𝑒 𝑙𝑜𝑎𝑑𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑎𝑠 𝑀𝑖 = 1.6 31.15 = 49.84 𝐾𝑁
VII. 𝑀𝑖 = 𝑓𝑎𝑐𝑡𝑜𝑟𝑒𝑑 𝑏𝑒𝑛𝑑𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑚𝑜𝑚𝑒𝑛𝑡 𝑑𝑢𝑒 𝑡𝑜 𝑠𝑢𝑝𝑒𝑟𝑖𝑚𝑝𝑜𝑠𝑒𝑑 𝑑𝑒𝑎𝑑 +
𝐿𝑖𝑣𝑒 𝑙𝑜𝑎𝑑@𝑥𝑐𝑟𝑖𝑡. 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑢𝑛𝑑𝑒𝑟 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑠𝑎𝑚𝑒 𝑙𝑜𝑎𝑑𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑎𝑠 𝑉𝑖 = 1.6 17.27 = 27.632 𝐾𝑁. 𝑚

Cont.
VIII. 𝑀𝑐𝑟𝑒 = 𝑚𝑜𝑚𝑒𝑛𝑡 𝑖𝑛 𝑒𝑥𝑐𝑒𝑠𝑠 𝑜𝑓 𝑠𝑒𝑙𝑓 𝑤𝑒𝑖𝑔ℎ𝑡 𝑚𝑜𝑚𝑒𝑛𝑡, 𝑐𝑎𝑢𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑓𝑙𝑒𝑥𝑢𝑟𝑎𝑙 𝑐𝑟𝑎𝑐𝑘𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑖𝑛 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑝𝑟𝑒𝑐𝑜𝑚𝑝𝑟𝑒𝑠𝑒𝑑 𝑡𝑒𝑛𝑠𝑖𝑙𝑒
𝑍𝑏𝑐
𝑓𝑖𝑏𝑒𝑟 @𝑥𝑐𝑟𝑖𝑡. = 534 𝑚𝑚 (𝑖. 𝑒. 𝑢𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑔 ∆𝑀𝑐𝑟 = 𝐹𝑖 𝑒𝑜 − 𝑘𝑡 − 𝑀𝑝 − 𝑓𝑟 𝑍𝑏𝑐 , ) 𝑤𝑖𝑡ℎ 𝑒𝑜 &𝑀𝑝 𝑐𝑎𝑙𝑐𝑢𝑙𝑎𝑡𝑒𝑑@𝑥𝑐𝑟𝑖𝑡.
𝑍𝑏
𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑓𝑟 𝑖𝑠 𝑟𝑒𝑝𝑙𝑎𝑐𝑒𝑑 𝑏𝑦 − 0.5 𝑓′𝑐
𝑍𝑏𝑐
 Therefore ∆𝑀𝑐𝑟 = 𝐹𝑖 𝑒𝑜 − 𝑘𝑡 − 𝑀𝑝 + 0.5 𝑓 ′ 𝑐 𝑍𝑏𝑐
𝑍𝑏
38411311
→ ∆𝑀𝑐𝑟 = 0.85 × 961000 33 − −102 − 36.13 × 1000000 − −2.95 × 38411311 =
18915083
263880883 𝑁. 𝑚𝑚
65270 49840×263880883 1
 𝑣𝑐𝑖 = 0.05 × 1 × 35 + 305×610 + ≥ 0.14 × 1 × 35 → 3.21 𝑀𝑃𝑎 > 0.828 𝑀𝑃𝑎
27584000 305×610
 Hence , 𝑣𝑐𝑖 = 3.21 𝑀𝑃𝑎

Cont.
 𝑽𝒑
2. 𝒗𝒄𝒘= 𝟎. 𝟐𝟗𝝀 𝒇′𝒄 + 𝟎. 𝟑𝟎𝒇𝒑𝒄 + 𝒃 , where ∶ −
𝒘 𝒅𝒑

 𝑣𝑐𝑤 : web shear resistance, Mpa

 𝑓𝑝𝑐 : compressive stress in concrete at the centroid of the cross section or at the junction of the web and the flange if the
1034×8×98.71
centroid is in the flange, due to effective prestress = = 2.39 𝑀𝑃𝑎
342154
 𝑉𝑝 : vertical component of prestressing force at the section considered

235−6.35
→ 𝑉𝑝 = 𝐹 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝜃 = 1034 × 8 × 98.71 × 4575
= 40800 𝑁

Cont.
 40800
Then, 𝑣𝑐𝑤 = 0.29 1 35 + 0.30 2.39 + 305 610
= 2.65 𝑀𝑃𝑎
𝑣𝑐𝑖 = 3.21 𝑀𝑃𝑎
 𝑣𝑐 𝑠𝑚𝑎𝑙𝑙𝑒𝑟 𝑜𝑓 ൜ , 𝐻𝑒𝑛𝑐𝑒, 𝑣𝑐 = 2.65 𝑀𝑃𝑎
𝑣𝑐𝑤 = 2.65 𝑀𝑃𝑎 → 𝐶𝑜𝑛𝑡𝑟𝑜𝑙𝑠
𝑣𝑢 𝑣𝑐
 = 0.919 < = 1.325 𝑀𝑃𝑎 → 𝑁𝑜 𝑁𝑒𝑒𝑑 𝐹𝑜𝑟 𝑆ℎ𝑒𝑎𝑟 𝑅𝑒𝑖𝑛𝑓𝑜𝑟𝑐𝑒𝑚𝑒𝑛𝑡
∅ 2
 However, it’s recommended to provide #10 stirrup@ a spacing S
600 𝑚𝑚
where S = (the least of) ቊ
0.75ℎ𝑐 = 570 𝑚𝑚 → 𝐶𝑜𝑛𝑡𝑟𝑜𝑙𝑠
𝐴𝑝𝑠 𝑓𝑝𝑢 𝑆 𝑑𝑒 790×1862×570 610
 𝐴𝑣𝑚𝑖𝑛 = × = × = 58 𝑚𝑚²
80𝑓𝑦 𝑑𝑒 𝑏𝑤 80×420×610 305

Use#10 Stirrup → 𝐴𝑣#10 = 2 × 71 = 142 𝑚𝑚2

𝑐
→ 𝑈𝑠𝑒#10 𝑆𝑡𝑖𝑟𝑟𝑢𝑝@570 𝑚𝑚
𝑐

Cont.
 8. Check Horizontal shear ?

 𝑉𝑢 = 𝑉𝐷𝑙 + 𝑉𝐿𝐿 = 1.2 65.26 + 1.6 31.15 = 128.2 𝐾𝑁

𝑉𝑢 128200
 𝑣𝑢ℎ = 𝑏 = 305×610 = 0.69 𝑀𝑃𝑎 → 𝑑𝑝𝑐 𝑡𝑎𝑘𝑒𝑛 𝑎𝑡 𝑋𝑐𝑟𝑖𝑡.
𝑣 𝑑𝑝𝑐

 Since the interface intentionally roughened and minimum shear reinforcement is extended into the CIP slab, the
nominal horizontal shear resistance can be taken as follows :
0.60𝐴𝑣 𝑓𝑦 0.60×142×420
 𝑣𝑛ℎ = 1.8 + 𝜆 ≤ 3.45 𝑀𝑃𝑎 → 1.8 + × 1.0 = 2.0 𝑀𝑃𝑎 ≤ 3.45 𝑀𝑃𝑎
𝑠𝑏𝑣 570×305
 ∅𝑣𝑛ℎ = 0.75 × 2 = 1.5 𝑀𝑃𝑎
 Since ∅𝑣𝑛ℎ ≥ 𝑣𝑢 → 𝑁𝑜 𝐴𝑑𝑑𝑖𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛𝑎𝑙 ℎ𝑜𝑟𝑖𝑧𝑎𝑛𝑡𝑎𝑙 𝑠ℎ𝑒𝑎𝑟 𝑟𝑒𝑖𝑛𝑓𝑜𝑟𝑐𝑒𝑚𝑒𝑛𝑡 𝑖𝑠 𝑟𝑒𝑞𝑢𝑖𝑟𝑒𝑑

Cont.
 Assume Tie Reinforcement is Required (Applying the procedure for determining horizontal shear
reinforcement in sec. 8.4.2.2 for illustration purpose ) :-

1
𝐴𝑣𝑓 : 𝑠ℎ𝑒𝑎𝑟 𝑟𝑒𝑖𝑛𝑓𝑜𝑟𝑐𝑒𝑚𝑒𝑛𝑡 𝑛𝑒𝑒𝑑𝑒𝑑 𝑜𝑣𝑒𝑟 2 𝑠𝑝𝑎𝑛 𝑙𝑒𝑛𝑔𝑡ℎ 𝑜𝑓 𝑠𝑖𝑚𝑝𝑙𝑦 𝑠𝑢𝑝𝑝𝑜𝑟𝑡𝑒𝑑 𝑏𝑒𝑎𝑚
𝐻
 𝐴𝑣𝑓 = ∅𝑓𝑢𝜇 𝑤ℎ𝑒𝑟𝑒 𝐻𝑢 : 𝑡𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙 ℎ𝑜𝑟𝑖𝑧𝑎𝑛𝑡𝑎𝑙 𝑠ℎ𝑒𝑎𝑟 𝑓𝑜𝑟𝑐𝑒 𝑎𝑡 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑖𝑛𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑓𝑎𝑐𝑒
𝑦
𝜇: 1.0𝜆 𝑓𝑜𝑟 𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑐𝑟𝑒𝑡𝑒 𝑝𝑙𝑎𝑐𝑒𝑑 𝑎𝑔𝑎𝑖𝑛𝑠𝑡 ℎ𝑎𝑟𝑑𝑒𝑛𝑒𝑑 𝑠𝑢𝑟𝑓𝑎𝑐𝑒 𝑤𝑖𝑡ℎ 𝑖𝑛𝑡𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑎𝑙𝑙𝑦 𝑟𝑜𝑢𝑔ℎ𝑛𝑒𝑑 𝑠𝑢𝑟𝑓𝑎𝑐𝑒
0.85𝑓′𝑐 𝑝𝑟𝑒𝑐𝑎𝑠𝑡 𝑏𝑡𝑟 𝑎 = 0.85 × 35 × 1027 × 46.4 → 𝐶𝑜𝑛𝑡𝑟𝑜𝑙𝑠
 → 𝐻𝑢 (𝑠𝑚𝑎𝑙𝑙𝑒𝑟 𝑜𝑓) ൝ → 𝐻𝑢 = 1436003 𝑁
0.85𝑓′𝑐 𝑝𝑟𝑒𝑐𝑎𝑠𝑡 𝑏𝑡𝑟 ℎ𝑓 = 0.85 × 35 × 1027 × 152
1436003 4559 𝑚𝑚2
 Therefore , 𝐴𝑣𝑓 = = 4559 𝑚𝑚2 → 𝐴𝑣𝑓 = = 598 𝑚
0.75×1.0×420 𝑝𝑒𝑟 𝑚𝑒𝑡𝑒𝑟 7.625

Cont.
 Using #10 closed stirrups with 𝐴𝑣𝑓 = 142 𝑚𝑚² :-
𝐴𝑣𝑓 142×1000
 𝑆𝑟𝑒𝑞 = 𝐴 #10
= = 238 𝑚𝑚
𝑣𝑓 𝑝𝑒𝑟 𝑚𝑒𝑡𝑒𝑟 598

80𝐴𝑣 𝑓𝑦 𝑑𝑒 1 80×142×420×610 1
𝐴𝑝𝑠 𝑓𝑝𝑢 𝑑𝑒
= 790×1862
= 1400.56 𝑚𝑚
610
 𝑆𝑚𝑖𝑛 = 𝑏𝑤 305
600 𝑚𝑚
0.75ℎ𝑐 = 572 𝑚𝑚 → 𝐶𝑜𝑛𝑡𝑟𝑜𝑙𝑠
 𝑺𝒓𝒆𝒒 ≤ 𝑺𝒎𝒊𝒏 → Use #10 closed stirrups@240 mm c/c (rounded up to a practical integer value)

Cont.
9. Check ACI Code deflection at midspan per the procedure discussed in this chapter ?

 Assuming Unshored construction :-

5𝑊 𝑙 4 5×4.39×152504
 (∆𝒊 )𝐺 = 384𝐸𝐺 = 384×26848×5.769100417×109 = +20 𝑚𝑚
𝑐𝑖 𝐼𝑔

𝐹𝑖 𝑙 2 4𝑎2
 Since double draped tendon profile, (∆𝒊 )𝐹𝑖= − 8𝐸 𝐼 𝑒1 + 𝑒2 − 𝑒1 3𝑙2
𝑐𝑖 𝑔

961000×152502 4×45752
→ (∆𝒊 )𝐹𝑖= − 235 + 6.4 − 235 = −37 𝑚𝑚
8×26848×5.769100417×109 3×152502
 (∆𝒊 )1 = (∆𝒊 )𝐺 + (∆𝒊 )𝐹𝑖 = −37 + 20 = −17 𝑚𝑚
Cont.
 Additional long term deflection until the addition of the CIP slab :
𝐶
(using 𝜆2 = 2𝑐𝑢 ):-
→ 𝐶𝑐𝑢 = 2.65 , for 𝑓′𝑐 = 35 MPa
2.65
 (∆𝑎𝑑𝑑 )2 = 𝜆1 (∆𝑖 )1 = × −17 = −23 𝑚𝑚
2
 The instantaneous elastic deflection in the precast beam due to the slab weight
5𝑊𝑠𝑙𝑎𝑏 𝑙4 5×4.81×152504
→ (∆𝑖 )3 = = 384×30017×5.769100417×109 = +20 𝑚𝑚
384𝐸𝑐 𝐼𝑔

 The Resulting deflection at the time of addition the slab :

→ ∆4 = (∆𝑖 )1+ (∆𝑎𝑑𝑑 )2 + (∆𝑖 )3 = −17 − 23 + 20 = −20 𝑚𝑚
 The instantaneous deflection due to additional dead load acting on the composite
beam :
→ (∆𝑖 )5 = 0 , 𝑔𝑖𝑣𝑒𝑛 .
 The resulting deflection on the composite beam ∆6 :
→ ∆6 = ∆4 + (∆𝑖 )5 = 0 − 20 = −20 𝑚𝑚

Cont.
 Additional long term deflection in the composite beam due to sustained load (∆𝑎𝑑𝑑 )7 ∶
→ (∆𝑎𝑑𝑑 )7 = 𝜆2 ∆6 , where 𝜆2 = 0.6𝐶𝐶𝑈 = 0.6 × 2.65 = 1.59
→ (∆𝑎𝑑𝑑 )7 = 𝜆2 ∆6 = 1.59 × −20 = −32 𝑚𝑚
 Total Long term deflection, (∆)8 :
(∆)8 = (∆𝑎𝑑𝑑 )7 + ∆6 = −32 − 20 = −59 𝑚𝑚
 The instantaneous deflection due to live load, assuming a composite section properties, (∆𝑖 )9 :
5𝑊𝐿𝐿 𝑙4 5×4.39×152504
(∆𝑖 )9 = ∆𝐿𝐿 = = = 6 𝑚𝑚
384𝐸𝑐 𝐼𝑔𝑐 384×30017×1.839343×1010

 Check Against ACI Code limitations (The beam is part of a floor system):
𝐿 15250
1. ∆𝐿𝐿 = 6 𝑚𝑚 ≤ 360 = 360
= 42 𝑚𝑚 → 𝑂. 𝑘.
𝐿 15250
2. ∆𝐿𝐿 + (∆𝑎𝑑𝑑 )7 = 6 − 32 = 26 𝑚𝑚 ≤ 480 = = 32 𝑚𝑚 → 𝑂. 𝐾.
480
𝐿
3. (∆𝑎𝑑𝑑 )7 = 32 𝑚𝑚 = = 32 𝑚𝑚 → 𝑂. 𝑘.
480

Cont.
 • Tables 7.5&7.6: Calculating deflection due to prestresseing forces and due to loading

Fig. 7.5

Fig. 7.6
• Table 8.3: Inequality Conditions for Composite Beams :-

To Check
Flexural Stresses

To Draw the
Feasible Domain

To Solve For F &

𝑒𝑜 Numirically
• Table2.4: Common Mechanical proprieties of concrete (Modulus of Elasticity and Modulus of
Rupture) :-
Thank you for your time
Any Questions ?