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Tracing Back The Old Times and Connecting To A New

The document traces the history and evolution of computing devices from ancient manual and mechanical devices like the abacus to modern electronic digital computers. It discusses early mechanical calculating devices powered by hand followed by electro-mechanical devices powered by electricity. Key devices included the Analytical Engine, the first general purpose computer; punched card machines; and early electronic computers like the Z1, ABC, Mark 1, and ENIAC. The development of these early computers laid the foundations for modern digital computers and programming.

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66 views23 pages

Tracing Back The Old Times and Connecting To A New

The document traces the history and evolution of computing devices from ancient manual and mechanical devices like the abacus to modern electronic digital computers. It discusses early mechanical calculating devices powered by hand followed by electro-mechanical devices powered by electricity. Key devices included the Analytical Engine, the first general purpose computer; punched card machines; and early electronic computers like the Z1, ABC, Mark 1, and ENIAC. The development of these early computers laid the foundations for modern digital computers and programming.

Uploaded by

Nelson Tejara
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Tracing back the old times and

connecting to a new
History of Computers

History studies are extremely useful in


evaluating the impact and understanding the
process of change that leads to even more
advanced technologies.

In the words of the philosopher, George


Santayana, “those who do not learn from
history are destined to repeat it.”

2
History of Computers

Historical records will tell that man invented


three types of devices to assist him in
manipulating data.
1. Manual-Mechanical Devices - simple
mechanisms powered by hand.
2. Electro-Mechanical Devices - powered by
electric motor and uses switches and
relays.
3. Electronic Devices – made of electrical and
electronic components.
3
Manual-Mechanical Devices

At early times, man used shells, stones


and even fingers for computation.

Earliest computing devices were all


manual-mechanical devices and were used as
data processing equipment due to the
absence of electricity and adequate industrial
technology.

4
Manual-Mechanical Devices

Abacus, 12th Century


 first computing device used to perform simple
arithmetic calculations.
 originated and developed
in China (2000 BC) which
was known for its
simplicity & effectiveness.

5
Manual-Mechanical Devices

Logs and Bones, 1617


 Logs reduced a problem in
subtraction.
 Sticks called bones were used
to perform both multiplication
and division.
 A computing device invented
by Sir John Napier (Scottish
mathematician & astronomer).
6
Manual-Mechanical Devices

Arithmetic Engine, 1642


 the first successful
manual - mechanical
calculating machine.

 Can perform addition and subtraction for up


to 8 digits.
 Known as Pascal’s Calculator,
named after its inventor, Blaise
Pascal, a French Mathematician.
7
Manual-Mechanical Devices

Step Reckoner, 1673


 a manual-mechanical
device which can
multiply, divide and
extract square roots.
 purely mechanical with no source of power.

 Known as Leibnitz calculator,


invented by Gottfried Wilhelm von
Leibnitz (German Mathematician).
8
Electro-Mechanical Devices

Difference Engine, 1823


 calculator which can compile
accurate navigational and
artillery tables.

 designed by Charles Babbage


(British Mathematician) but
was completed by a Swedish
inventor in 1854.

9
Electro-Mechanical Devices

Analytical Engine, 1835


 First general computer
powered by motor and
performed all mathematical
calculation (MDAS).

 The concept of this engine


is the same with those of
modern computers.

10
Electro-Mechanical Devices

Analytical Engine, 1835

 Invented by Charles Babbage,


the forerunner of the modern
computers, it contains:

1. memory or storage, which held all


possible numeric variables and the
results of all precious calculations, and
2. mill, which processed the inputted data.

11
Electro-Mechanical Devices

 Lady Augusta Ada Byron (1833)


- Known as the first computer
programmer, she helped
Babbage in the design of the
analytic engine.

- Countess of Lovelace; Her understanding


of the machine enabled her to create
instruction routines that could be fed into
the computer.
12
Electro-Mechanical Devices

 Lady Augusta Ada Byron


The United States Department of
Defense honored Byron’s accomplishments
in the field of computer in 1979 – 1980,
naming its high-level universal computer
programming language, Ada, after her.

13
Electro-Mechanical Devices

Punched Card Tabulating Machine, 1884


 An electrically operated card
reader, sorter tabulating
machine used in encoding
data on card through a
series of punched holes.

14
Electro-Mechanical Devices

Punched Card Tabulating Machine, 1884

 the first commercially successful


data processing machine invented
by Dr. Herman Hollerith.

 Able to speed up the US Bureau of Census


head count tabulation for the 1890 census.

15
Electro-Mechanical Devices

Z1 Computer, 1931

 world's first program-controlled computer.


16
Electro-Mechanical Devices

Z1 Computer, 1931
 Had all the basic ingredients of modern
machines which used the binary system
and today's standard separation of storage
and control.
 Invented by Konrad Zuse, a
German inventor.
His work (Z1-Z4) led to a
series of machines built by
Siemens Corp.
17
Electro-Mechanical Devices

ABC Computer
 A special purpose electronic-digital
computer which was powered by electricity
and vacuum tubes.
 The first computer
designed to find
solutions to systems
involving linear
equations.
18
Electro-Mechanical Devices

ABC Computer, 1939


 Atanasoff - Berry Computer,
named after John Vincent
Atanasoff, an American
Physicist, with the help of
Clifford Berry.

 This was never completed but their ideas


were shared with the inventors who were
working on the plans of ENIAC.
19
Electro-Mechanical Devices

Mark 1, 1944
The first automatic general purpose digital
computer which can perform about three
mathematical operations per second.
 Official name: Automatic Sequence
Controlled Calculator (ASCC)
 developed at Harvard University
by Howard Aiken with the
assistance of graduates students
and engineers from IBM. 20
Electro-Mechanical Devices

Mark 1, 1944

 8 feet high,
50 feet wide
with 200,000
moving parts.

21
Electro-Mechanical Devices

The First Computer Bug


 A moth found on the wires of
the Mark 2 computer causing it
to malfunction, hence the term
“bug” and “debugging”
originated.

 Discovered by Dr. Grace Murray Hopper, a


rear admiral in the United States Navy.

22
References

 La Putt, Juny Pilapil. Introduction to Computer


Concepts.Baguio Research and Publsihing Center.2004
 Calabig, Sheryl. Computer Fundamentals 1.FutureBuilder
Publucations.2014
 Calabig, Doctor and Benito. Computer Fundamentals
2.FutureBuilder Publucations.2014
 Tiamson and Catalla. Cyberwiz 7.Trinitas Publishing,
Inc.2012

23

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