Integration by

Substitution
UNDOING THE CHAIN RULE
Objective

 To evaluate integrals using the technique of

integration by substitution.
Warm Up
What is a synonym for the term integration?

Antidifferentation
What is integration?

Integration is a process or operation that reverses differentiation.

The operation of integration determines the

original function when given its derivative.
Warm Up
3 problems:

if y   5 x  2 x 
dy 3 4
Find dx

Find dy
dx if y  ln  3 x 2


Evaluate  4 15 x +2  5 x  2 x  dx 
2 3 3
Warm Up
if y   5 x  2 x 
dy 3 4
Find dx

 4  5 x  2 x  15 x  2 
3 3 2
dy
dx
Warm Up
Find dy
dx if y  ln  3 x 2

2 1
dy
dx  1
3 x2
 6x
1
1 x

dy
dx  2
x
Warm Up
Evaluate  4 15 x +2  5 x  2 x  dx 
2 3 3

5x  2x  C
3 4

You have already found a function whose derivative is the expression

in the integrand, so you already have an antiderivative.

if y   5 x  2 x 
dy 3 4
Find dx

 4  5 x  2 x  15 x  2 
3 3 2
dy
dx
Warm Up
Evaluate  4 15 x +2  5 x  2 x  dx 
2 3 3

Derivative of Inside function

inside function

5x  2x  C
3 4

Some integrals are chain rule problems in reverse.

If the derivative of the inside function is sitting elsewhere

in the integrand, then you can use a technique called
integration by substitution to evaluate the integral.
Integration by Substitution

 One method for evaluating

integrals involves untangling the
chain rule.
 This technique is called integration
by substitution.
 Integration by substitution is a
technique for finding the
antiderivative of a composite
function.
 Integration by Substitution
Evaluate  3  3 x  4  dx   dx 
4 4
3u
Let u  3x  4 u  3 dx 
4

 3 dx
u du 
Take the dx du 4
derivative of u. dx
Substitute into du  3 dx
the integral.
u5
5 C 
1
5 u5  C 
 3x  4 
Always express your
C
1 5
answer in terms of the
original variable. 5
 Integration by Substitution
Evaluate  42 x  x +4   42 x  u  dx 
20
dx 
2 20

 42  u  x dx 
20
Let u  x  42

dx  2 x dx  42  u  du 
Take the dx du 20 1
derivative of u. 2
du  2 x dx
 21 u  du 
20

2 du  x dx
Substitute into 1
the integral.
21u 21
21 C 
u C 
21

x  4  C
Always express your 2 21
answer in terms of the
original variable.
 Integration by Substitution
 3x  5  x  dx 
1

Evaluate  3x 5  x dx  2 3
2 3 2

 3x u  dx 
1
2 2
Let u  5  x 3

 u  3x dx 
1 2
 3x dx2
Take the dx du 2
derivative of u. dx

 u du 
1

du  3x dx 2
Substitute into 2
the integral.
3

C 
2
u
3
2
3

u C 
2
2
3
3

5  x 
Always express your 2
answer in terms of the
original variable.
2
3
3
C
Integration by Substitution

 Experiment with different choices for u when using

integration by substitution.

 A good choice is one whose derivative is

expressed elsewhere in the integrand.
 Integration by Substitution
Evaluate   2 x  1  x  x  dx    2 x  1 u  dx 
2 3 3

  u   2 x  1 dx 
3
Let u  x  x2

 2 x  1 dx
 u du 
dx du 3
dx

du   2 x  1 dx u4
C 
4
1
4 u C 
4

x  x  C
Always express your
2 4
answer in terms of the 1
original variable. 4
Conclusion

 To integrate by substitution, select an expression

for u.
 A good choice for u is one whose derivative is
expressed elsewhere in the integrand.
 Next, rewrite the integral in terms of u.
 Then, simplify the integral and evaluate.