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Partial Differential Equation: Praktikum 8 Matematika Rekayasa

The document describes a scenario where a fire in an office building causes the duct system to heat up to 100°C. The hot air diffuses along the 5m length of the duct system until it reaches an emergency system that will inject cold air at 5°C to prevent the spread of fire. The normal air temperature in the building before the fire was 20°C. The diffusion of air in the duct system is assumed to occur only vertically along the length of the duct. The problem is to plot the change in temperature along the duct system between the fire point and emergency system over 3 seconds after the fire occurs, with the duct spaced every 0.125m and temperature recorded every 0.005s.

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58 views21 pages

Partial Differential Equation: Praktikum 8 Matematika Rekayasa

The document describes a scenario where a fire in an office building causes the duct system to heat up to 100°C. The hot air diffuses along the 5m length of the duct system until it reaches an emergency system that will inject cold air at 5°C to prevent the spread of fire. The normal air temperature in the building before the fire was 20°C. The diffusion of air in the duct system is assumed to occur only vertically along the length of the duct. The problem is to plot the change in temperature along the duct system between the fire point and emergency system over 3 seconds after the fire occurs, with the duct spaced every 0.125m and temperature recorded every 0.005s.

Uploaded by

Nida
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Partial Differential

Equation
Praktikum 8
Matematika Rekayasa
Outline

Laplace
Elliptic
Poisson

PDE Crank-
Parabolic
Nicolson

Hyperbolic Wave Eq.


PDE (Partial Deifferential Equations)
 Merupakan persamaan yang memiliki 2 atau
lebih variabel independen

Bentuk umum persamaan


𝑎𝑢𝑥𝑥 + 2𝑏𝑢𝑥𝑦 + 𝑐𝑢𝑦𝑦 = 𝐹(𝑥, 𝑦, 𝑢, 𝑢𝑥 , 𝑢𝑦 )

 Elliptic: if 𝑎𝑐 − 𝑏 2 > 0 (e.g: Laplace eq.)

 Parabolic: if 𝑎𝑐 − 𝑏 2 = 0 (e.g: Heat eq.)

 Hyperbolic: if 𝑎𝑐 − 𝑏 2 < 0 (e.g: Wave eq.)


PDE (Partial Deifferential Equations)
𝑥2 𝑦2
 Elliptic 2 + 2 =1
𝑎 𝑏
2
 Parabolic 𝑦 = 4𝑎𝑥
𝑥2 𝑦2
 Hyperbolic − 2 =1
𝑎2 𝑏
PDE (Partial Deifferential Equations)
PDE (Partial Deifferential Equations)
 Linear 2nd Order PDE

Orde PDE tergantung pada Highest Derivative

 Well Posed Problems


 A solution exists.
 The solution is unique.
 The solution depends continuously on the data
(boundary and/or initial conditions).
PDE (Partial Deifferential Equations)
HOW TO SOLVE?
 PDEs are solved together with appropriate
Boundary Conditions and/or Initial Conditions.
 Boundary value problem
-Dirichlet B.C.: Specify u(x,y,...) on boundaries
(say at x=0, x=Lx, y=0, y=Ly in a rectangular box)
-von Neumann B.C.: Specify normal gradient of
u(x,y,...) on boundaries.
In principle boundary can be arbitrary shaped.
(but difficult to implement in computer codes)
PDE (Partial Deifferential Equations)
HOW TO SOLVE?
Numerical Method: Finite Difference
Elliptical Equation
 Occurs mainly for stationary problems.
 Solved as boundary value problem.
 Solution is smooth if boundary conditions allow.
Laplace Equation
 Digunakan untuk memprediksi fenomena
konduksi panas
Persamaan Laplace
𝛻 2 𝑢 = 𝑢𝑥𝑥 + 𝑢𝑦𝑦 = 0

Difference Equation: (Kreyszig, 2006)


1
𝑢𝑥 𝑥, 𝑦 ≈ [𝑢 𝑥 + ℎ, 𝑦 − (𝑥 − ℎ, 𝑦)]
2ℎ

1
𝑢𝑦 𝑥, 𝑦 ≈ [𝑢 𝑥, 𝑦 + 𝑘 − (𝑥, 𝑦 − 𝑘)]
2𝑘
Laplace Equation
Difference Equation (lanjutan)
1
𝑢𝑥 𝑥, 𝑦 ≈ [𝑢 𝑥 + ℎ, 𝑦 − (𝑥 − ℎ, 𝑦)] centered difference
2ℎ
1
𝑢𝑦 𝑥, 𝑦 ≈ [𝑢 𝑥, 𝑦 + 𝑘 − (𝑥, 𝑦 − 𝑘)] centered difference
2𝑘

2nd Derivatives:
1
𝑢𝑥𝑥 𝑥, 𝑦 ≈ 2 [𝑢 𝑥 + ℎ, 𝑦 − 2𝑢 𝑥, 𝑦 + 𝑢(𝑥 − ℎ, 𝑦)]
ℎ

1
𝑢𝑦𝑦 𝑥, 𝑦 ≈ 2
[𝑢 𝑥, 𝑦 + 𝑘 − 2𝑢 𝑥, 𝑦 + 𝑢(𝑥, 𝑦 − 𝑘)]
𝑘
Laplace Equation
Difference Equation (lanjutan)
2nd Derivatives:
1
𝑢𝑥𝑥 𝑥, 𝑦 ≈ 2
[𝑢 𝑥 + ℎ, 𝑦 − 2𝑢 𝑥, 𝑦 + 𝑢(𝑥 − ℎ, 𝑦)]
ℎ

1
𝑢𝑦𝑦 𝑥, 𝑦 ≈ 2 [𝑢 𝑥, 𝑦 + 𝑘 − 2𝑢 𝑥, 𝑦 + 𝑢(𝑥, 𝑦 − 𝑘)]
𝑘
Dengan h = k, maka
𝑢𝑥𝑥 + 𝑢𝑦𝑦 = 0

𝑢 𝑥 + ℎ, 𝑦 + 𝑢 𝑥, 𝑦 + ℎ + 𝑢 𝑥 − ℎ, 𝑦 + 𝑢 𝑥, 𝑦 − ℎ − 4𝑢 𝑥, 𝑦 = 0
Laplace Equation
Untuk x adalah waktu, dan y adalah jarak

CTCS (Centered in Time, Centered in Space)


𝑢 𝑥 + ℎ, 𝑦 + 𝑢 𝑥, 𝑦 + ℎ + 𝑢 𝑥 − ℎ, 𝑦 + 𝑢 𝑥, 𝑦 − ℎ − 4𝑢 𝑥, 𝑦 = 0

FTCS (Forward in Time, Centered in Space)


1
𝑢𝑥 𝑥, 𝑦 ≈ [𝑢 𝑥 + ℎ, 𝑦 − 𝑢(𝑥, 𝑦)] forward difference
ℎ
1
𝑢𝑥𝑥 𝑥, 𝑦 ≈ [𝑢 𝑥 + 2ℎ, 𝑦 − 2𝑢 𝑥 + ℎ, 𝑦 + 𝑢(𝑥, 𝑦)]
ℎ2

1
𝑢𝑦 𝑥, 𝑦 ≈ [𝑢 𝑥, 𝑦 + 𝑘 − 𝑢(𝑥, 𝑦 − 𝑘)] centered difference
2𝑘
1
𝑢𝑦𝑦 𝑥, 𝑦 ≈ 2 [𝑢 𝑥, 𝑦 + 𝑘 − 2𝑢 𝑥, 𝑦 + 𝑢(𝑥, 𝑦 − 𝑘)]
𝑘

𝑢 𝑥 + 2ℎ, 𝑦 + 𝑢 𝑥, 𝑦 + ℎ − 2𝑢 𝑥 + ℎ, 𝑦 + 𝑢 𝑥, 𝑦 − ℎ − 𝑢 𝑥, 𝑦 = 0
Poisson Equation

Persamaan Poisson
𝛻 2 𝑢 = 𝑢𝑥𝑥 + 𝑢𝑦𝑦 = 𝑓(𝑥, 𝑦)

Penyelesaian numerik:

𝑢 𝑥 + ℎ, 𝑦 + 𝑢 𝑥, 𝑦 + ℎ + 𝑢 𝑥 − ℎ, 𝑦 + 𝑢 𝑥, 𝑦 − ℎ − 4𝑢 𝑥, 𝑦 = ℎ2 𝑓(𝑥, 𝑦)

Untuk x adalah waktu (time), dan y adalah jarak (space),


penyelesaian numerik dikenal sebagai CTCS (Center in Time, Center
in Space)
Parabolic Equation
 The vanishing eigenvalue often related to time
derivative.
 Describes non-stationary processes.
 Solved as Initial- and Boundary-value problem.
 Discontinuities / sharp gradients smooth out
during temporal evolution.
Hyperbolic Equation
 The opposite sign eigenvalue is often related to
the time derivative.
 Initial- and Boundary value problem.
 Discontinuities / sharp gradients in initial
state remain during temporal evolution.
Heat/Diffusion Equation
Persamaan Umum

𝑢𝑡 = 𝐷𝑢𝑥𝑥 + 𝑓(𝑢, 𝑥, 𝑡)

FTCS
Untuk 𝑈𝑖,𝑗 = 𝑢 𝑥𝑖 , 𝑡𝑗

𝑈𝑖,𝑗+1 − 𝑈𝑖,𝑗 𝑈𝑖−1,𝑗 − 2𝑈𝑖,𝑗 + 𝑈𝑖+1,𝑗


=𝐷
∆𝑡 ∆𝑥 2
𝐷 ∆𝑡
Dengan 𝑟 = maka
∆𝑥 2

𝑈𝑖,𝑗+1 = 𝑟𝑈𝑖−1,𝑗 + 1 − 2𝑟 𝑈𝑖,𝑗 + 𝑟𝑈𝑖+1,𝑗


CONTOH
File Soal1.m
CONTOH
File ftcs.m
TP
Pada suatu perkantoran, terjadi ledakan kebakaran yang menyebabkan duct system
(saluran udara) menerima udara panas sekitar 100oc. Udara panas tersebut terdifusi
(koefisien difusi panas K=1) sepanjang duct system sepanjang 5m hingga bertemu
dengan sistem darurat yang akan menyala sesaat ketika terjadi keadaan darurat
kebakaran. Sistem darurat diujung duct system akan memasukan udara sedingin 5oc
untuk mencegah duct system menyalurkan udara panas lebih jauh dan menyebarkan
kebakaran. Suhu udara normal dalam perkantoran sebelum terjadi kebakaran adalah
20oc.
Diasumsikan udara dalam duct system terdifusi hanya secara vertikal (mengikuti
panjang duct system) dan tidak terdifusi pada penampang (terdifusi satu dimensi).
Sebagai proses evaluasi K3L, anda diminta untuk mem-plot-kan perubahan suhu duct
system antara titik api hingga sistem darurat, selama 3 detik setelah terjadinya
kebakaran!
Plot yang ingin dilihat K3L sepanjang duct system dipartisi setiap jarak 0.125m dengan
visualisasi perubahan suhu setiap 0.005s.

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