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Presented by Ajish V C (Ce) Sudheer Padikkal (Ce) Rajesh Menon B (Me)

This document discusses scientific research methods in management. It begins by outlining the goals of scientific research as advancing knowledge through mapping patterns using logical and empirical analysis. It then discusses key aspects of the scientific research process including observation, hypothesis generation, theory development, deductive and inductive logic, and the hypothetico-deductive method. The document also notes some objections to applying scientific methods to management research due to issues like uniqueness, instability, and lack of realism in management situations. Finally, it discusses nomothetic and idiographic approaches to research.

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Jisha Kuruvilla
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66 views21 pages

Presented by Ajish V C (Ce) Sudheer Padikkal (Ce) Rajesh Menon B (Me)

This document discusses scientific research methods in management. It begins by outlining the goals of scientific research as advancing knowledge through mapping patterns using logical and empirical analysis. It then discusses key aspects of the scientific research process including observation, hypothesis generation, theory development, deductive and inductive logic, and the hypothetico-deductive method. The document also notes some objections to applying scientific methods to management research due to issues like uniqueness, instability, and lack of realism in management situations. Finally, it discusses nomothetic and idiographic approaches to research.

Uploaded by

Jisha Kuruvilla
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Presented by

AJISH V C (CE)
SUDHEER PADIKKAL (CE)
RAJESH MENON B (ME)
 Study the nature of management research
 Understand the process of scientific enquiry
 Develop definitions and hypothesis
 Appreciate the principles of formal science
 Study empiricism in scientific method
 Understand the logic of scientific method
 Study the inductive method for hypothesis generation
 Study the deductive method for hypothesis testing
 Study the hypothetico-deductive approach
 Appreciate scientific attitude
 Understand the current objections to the use of scientific
method in research
 Enumerate alternatives to scientific method in
management research
 Research
a systematic, self critical enquiry
 Scientific Research
research which employs scientific method
 Management Research
applied research directed to aid the manager in
his decision making process
 Management Research
 Reporting Research
 Descriptive Research
 Explanatory Research
 Predictive Research
 Reporting Research
furnishing data, information or statistics
 Descriptive Research
describes a single event or relates a few events through statistical
analysis
 Explanatory Research
answers why and how of the phenomenon through hypotheses
and theories
 Predictive Research
constructs and uses models to forecast the occurrence of an event
or events
 Definition of science
is a body of knowledge and also the process of
generating that knowledge
 The central goal of science
 Advancement of knowledge and prediction
 Mapping the patterns of various domains of facts
 Continuous improvement of its products through a
set of partial models, using logical and empirical
analysis
 Metascience
 Scientific enquiry is a mental activity both
speculative and critical in which critical (analytical)
activity dominates
 Analysis is concerned with the language in
which thinking is expressed
 Through the method of redefinition
 The method of explication
 Method of illustration
 Scientific knowledge is the knowledge gained
systematically through a cycle of process
Processes of
Enquiry
 Observation
 Starting point of research
 Concept
 Basic building block of thought and communication
which helps in organizing an observation
 Classification
Objects are classified together based on what hey have
in common such as generic similarity, structural
similarity or fundamental similarity
 Definition
 Descriptive definition
 Operational definition
 Mathematical definition
 Construct
 A refined concept to suit a particular discipline
 Hypotheses
 Declarative statement in which at least one
empirical generalization follows and states the
existence of the size, form or distribution of some
variables (descriptive, relational, explanatory)
 Laws
 An empirical generalization accepted as true
 Theory
 A set of asserted universal propositions
communicated in a set of universal sentences
Theory Development Process
 Formal Science and Empirical Science
 Logic of Scientific Method
 Deductive logic
 Inductive Logic
 Inductive –deductive Thinking

 Hypothetico-deductive Method
 Models
 Scientific Attitude
 Deductive Logic
 Inferences drawn from a general principle to
particular conclusion
 Inductive Logic
 Inference is drawn from the evidence in the form of
conclusions, which explain the evidence or facts
 Inductive-deductive thinking
 Hypotheses are developed by scientific method
inductively using a limited observation of facts. The
hypotheses is rigorously checked through the
procedure of deductive thinking
 This is a process of operations of raising precise
questions converting the questions into
hypotheses.
 The logical consequences of the hypotheses are
obtained
 They are tested and verified
 Used to define relationships among variables,
concepts and constructs
 Models are representation of phenomena
 A model tries to represent its structure,
function and process
 The attitude of scientifically-oriented people differs
from the traditional attitude in the following ways
 A scientist should have a firm conviction that there exists
an “order of things”, which is subject to laws.
 A scientist should be devoted to facts, accurate empirical
data, and to being in close touch with phenomena
 A scientist should search for theories that are refutable
 There must be an appreciation of the possibility of error
and, therefore, in the tentativeness of scientific conclusions
 Science is open to public criticism and correction
 Widely accepted views of important variables, theories and
the basic nature of discipline serve as a model for further
scientific work in the area
 Use of Scientific Method

 Alternative perspectives of Research


 Nomothetic Knowledge
 Idiographic Knowledge
The main objections of management research are:

 Uniqueness
 Instability
 Sensitivity
 Lack of realism
 Epistemological differences
 Nomothetic knowledge
 Emphasizes the generalization as in natural science.
Management science approach relies predominantly
on model building and is nomothetic
 Idiographic knowledge
 Emphasizes the importance of the knowledge of the
particular.
 Organizational enquiries like action research and
situational learning emphasizes the idiographic
approach
Differences between Two Ways of Enquiry

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