Biotechnology
Introduction
Biotechnology:
Bio: biological organisms systems, processes,
reactions
Technology: techniques, processes,
manipulation etc.
Animals and Plants
Microorganisms: Escherichia coli
Algae, Yeast
Introduction
The exploitation of biological processes for
industrial and other purposes, especially the
genetic manipulation of microorganisms for the
production of antibiotics, hormones, etc.
Food, fuel, agriculture, medicine
Chemicals, industrial products
Branches
Agricultural Biotechnology
Medical Biotechnology
Industrial Biotechnology
Environment Biotechnology
Animal Biotechnology
Plant Biotechnology
Microbial Biotechnology
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Types of Biotechnology
Gold Biotechnology
Blue Biotechnology
Green Biotechnology
Red Biotechnology
White Biotechnology
Yellow Biotechnology
Gray Biotechnology
Brown Biotechnology
Violet Biotechnology
Dark Biotechnology
Gold biotechnology: is an interdisciplinary field that
addresses biological problems using computational
techniques, and makes the rapid organization as well as
analysis of biological data possible.
The field may also be referred to as computational
biology, and can be defined as, "conceptualizing
biology” in terms of molecules and then applying
Bioinformatics techniques to understand and organize
the information associated with these molecules, on a
large scale.
It plays a key role in various areas, such as functional
genomics, structural genomics, and proteomics, and
forms a key component in the biotechnology and
pharmaceutical sector.
Drug design, Molecular docking, Predicting epitopes and
functional domains
Blue biotechnology: based on the exploitation of sea
resources to create products and industrial applications.
This branch of biotechnology is the most used for the industries of
refining and combustion principally on the production of bio-oils with
photosynthetic micro-algae
Green biotechnology: applied to agricultural processes.
An example would be the selection and domestication of
plants via micropropagation. Another example is the
designing of transgenic plants to grow under specific
environments in the presence (or absence) of chemicals.
One hope is that green biotechnology might produce
more environmental friendly solutions than traditional
industrial agriculture.
Example of this is the engineering of a plant to express a pesticide,
thereby ending the need of external application of pesticides. An
example of this would be Bt corn.
Whether or not green biotechnology products
such as this are ultimately more environmentally
friendly is a topic of considerable debate.
It is commonly considered as the next phase of
green revolution, which can be seen as a
platform to eradicate world hunger by using
technologies which enable the production of
more fertile and resistant, towards biotic and
abiotic stress, plants and ensures application of
environmentally friendly fertilizers and the use of
bio-pesticides, it is mainly focused on the
development of agriculture.
On the other hand, some of the uses of green
biotechnology involve microorganisms to clean
and reduce waste
Red biotechnology is the use of
biotechnology in the medical and
pharmaceutical industries, and health
preservation.
This branch involves the production of
vaccines and antibiotics, regenerative
therapies, creation of artificial organs and
new diagnostics of diseases.
The development of hormones, stem cells,
antibodies, siRNA and diagnostic tests.
White biotechnology: also known as industrial
biotechnology, is biotechnology applied to
industrial processes. An example is the
designing of an organism to produce a useful
chemical
Another example is the using of enzymes as
industrial catalysts to either produce valuable
chemicals or destroy hazardous/polluting
chemicals.
White biotechnology tends to consume less in
resources than traditional processes used to
produce industrial goods
Yellow biotechnology: refers to the use of
biotechnology in food production, for example
in making wine, cheese, and beer by
fermentation.
It has also been used to refer to biotechnology
applied to insects.
This includes biotechnology-based approaches
for the control of harmful insects, the
characterization and utilization of active
ingredients or genes of insects for research, or
application in agriculture and medicine and
various other approaches.
Gray biotechnology is related to
environmental applications
It is focused on the maintenance of
biodiversity and the removal of pollutants
Brown biotechnology is related to the
management of arid lands and deserts.
One application is the creation of enhanced
seeds that resist extreme environmental
conditions of arid regions, which is related to
the innovation, creation of agriculture
techniques and management of resources.
Violet biotechnology is related to law,
ethical and philosophical issues around
biotechnology.
Dark biotechnology is the type associated
with bioterrorism or biological weapons and
biowarfare which uses microorganisms, and
toxins to cause diseases and death in
humans, livestock and crops.
Examples?
