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The document discusses three topics related to housing services: 1. Rainwater conservation measures including effective rainwater harvesting structures to specified standards and sizing of rainwater pipes based on roof area. 2. Artificial groundwater recharge and roof top rainwater harvesting systems for urban areas, considering factors like annual rainfall, soil permeability, and location of recharge structures. 3. Subsoil water drainage systems including natural, herringbone, grid, fan-shaped, and moat/cut-off systems; and solid waste management including compactors.

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28 views17 pages

Services 2

The document discusses three topics related to housing services: 1. Rainwater conservation measures including effective rainwater harvesting structures to specified standards and sizing of rainwater pipes based on roof area. 2. Artificial groundwater recharge and roof top rainwater harvesting systems for urban areas, considering factors like annual rainfall, soil permeability, and location of recharge structures. 3. Subsoil water drainage systems including natural, herringbone, grid, fan-shaped, and moat/cut-off systems; and solid waste management including compactors.

Uploaded by

sri
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HOUSING

Data collection on SERVICES

• Rainwater Conservation
• Subsoil water drainage
• Solid-Waste Management
HOUSING

RAINWATER CONSERVATION
Effective measures shall be taken within each premises (roof top
and campus) for conservation of rainwater, and RWH structures
to the following standards shall be provided; the same shall be
shown in the plan applied for planning permission.

The factors that decide the quantity of rain water entering are:

a) Intensity of rainfall, and


b) Time of concentration selected for rain-water pipe.
Source: International Journal of Applied Research
Sizing of Rain-water pipes
• The rain water pipes of cast iron
(coefficient of roughness 0.013) shall
normally be sized on the basis of roof
areas according to Table 28.
• The vertical down take rain-water
pipes, having a bell mouth inlet on
the roof surface with effective cross-
sectional area of grating 1.5 to 2
times the rain-water pipe area,
maybe designed by considering the
outlet pipe as weir.
• For full circumference of pipe acting
as weir, the roof area (RA) for
drainage may be worked out by using
Rain-water Harvesting
Two major systems that are ideal for urban and semi-urban developed areas are:
a) Artificial ground water recharge, and b) Roof top rain-water harvesting.
Artificial ground water recharge
The main objectives achieved may be:
•Enhancement of sustainable yield in areas
where there is over development and
depletion of the aquifers.
•Conservation and storage of excess surface
water in the aquifers.
•Improve the quality of the existing ground
water through dilution.
•Remove bacteriological and suspended
impurities during the surface water
transition within the sub-soil.
•Maintain the natural balance of the ground
water and its usage as the rainwater is a
renewable supply source. A well managed
and controlled tapping of the aquifers will
provide constant, dependable and safe
water supply.
FACTORS TO BE CONSIDERED

Artificial ground water recharge


In planning and designing the ground water recharge structures following
should be taken into consideration:
1. Annual rainfall (for estimating approx rainwater recharge per year).
2. Peak intensity and duration of each storm.
3. Type of soil and sub-soil conditions and their permeability factor.
4. Ground slopes and runoff which cannot be caught.
5. Location of recharge structures and its overflow outfall.
6. Rainwater measuring devices for finding the flow of water in the system.
Roof top rain-water harvesting.
Buildings i.e., Independent Houses and Apartments with Ground
+ two floor or Stilt + 3 floors and not more than 16 dwelling units).
In plots with a source well, rooftop
water to be diverted to a sump for
immediate use, through a first flush
cum pebble-sand filter combination
or a Special filter and the overflow to
be diverted to the source well. The
rain falling on the driveway or paved
setback areas (around campus) and
from rooftop pipes that are not
connected to the sump or source well
to be intercepted near the gate(s)
either by means of a gutter (provided
with a perforated lid) or a
bump/speed breaker arrangement
and led to a recharge well.
Recycling Of Grey Water

• Prepare a soil bed of garden soil whose area should be at least 2.5 sq ft per each
individual. Lay the water-loving plant at a distance of one foot from each other
laterally and longitudinally. The soil area can have any shape as long as the area is
provided. But the level of the soil bed should be uniform so that the grey water
will spread over the entire bed and soil over the entire area is available for
cleaning the water. If there are slopes, water will tend to flow more in the lower
areas alone and the purification will be incomplete. The plants must receive at
least moderate amount of sunlight so that they will grow in a healthy manner. The
plants should be watered with fresh water for two or three weeks till they take
root and are stabilised and then the grey (used) water should be diverted to it in
progressively increased volumes over a week. Thereafter, the process is practically
self sustaining.
• If the treated water is to be physically recovered, a sump has to be built
for this purpose. The treated water can then be pumped to the relevant
compartment of the overhead tank or to an exclusive tank, for flushing. If
there is excess of treated water, the overflow can be connected to a
suitable water recharge structure.
SUBSOIL WATER DRAINAGE

Sub-soil water is that portion of the rainfall which is absorbed into the
ground.
Systems of sub-soil drainage
Clay or concrete porous field drain pipes maybe used and shall be laid in one
of the following ways
• Natural — The pipes are laid to follow the natural depressions or valleys of
the site; branches discharge into the main as tributaries do into a river.
• Herringbone — The system consists of a number of drains into which
discharges from both sides smaller subsidiary branch drains parallel to
each other, but an angle to the mains forming a series of herringbone
pattern. Normally these branch drains should not exceed 30 m in length.
• Grid — A main or mains drain is laid to the boundaries if the site into
which subsidiary branches discharge from one side only.
• Fan-Shaper— The drains are laid converging to a single outlet at one point
on the boundary of a site, without the use of main or collecting drains.
• Moat or cut-off system — This system consists of drains laid on one or
more sides of a building to intercept the flow of subsoil water and carry it
away, thereby protecting the foundations of a building.
SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT
COMPACTORS

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