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Chilton and Colburn J-Factor Analogy: Sieder-Tate Equation

The document discusses various analogies for relating heat and mass transfer to fluid flow characteristics like momentum transfer. It introduces the Chilton-Colburn J-factor analogy, which extends the Reynolds analogy to liquids. The J-factor analogy demonstrates numerical similarity between heat/mass transfer and momentum transfer relationships. The Martinelli analogy is also described as being applicable to the full range of Prandtl numbers and contributing to understanding the transfer mechanisms. An example problem is given to compare predicted Nusselt numbers using empirical equations and the Reynolds, Colburn, and Martinelli analogies.

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Ankan Chaudhury
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729 views23 pages

Chilton and Colburn J-Factor Analogy: Sieder-Tate Equation

The document discusses various analogies for relating heat and mass transfer to fluid flow characteristics like momentum transfer. It introduces the Chilton-Colburn J-factor analogy, which extends the Reynolds analogy to liquids. The J-factor analogy demonstrates numerical similarity between heat/mass transfer and momentum transfer relationships. The Martinelli analogy is also described as being applicable to the full range of Prandtl numbers and contributing to understanding the transfer mechanisms. An example problem is given to compare predicted Nusselt numbers using empirical equations and the Reynolds, Colburn, and Martinelli analogies.

Uploaded by

Ankan Chaudhury
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Chilton and Colburn J-factor analogy

Recall: The equation for heat transfer in the turbulent regime

Sieder-Tate Equation

(for forced convection/ turbulent,


Re > 10000 & 0.5 < Pr < 100)

If we divide this by
Dimensionless Groups

Dim. Group Ratio Equation


molecular
molecular diffusivity
diffusivity of
of momentum
momentum //
Prandtl,
Prandtl, Pr
Pr molecular
molecular diffusivity
diffusivity of
of heat
heat
Schmidt, Sc momentum diffusivity/ mass diffusivity
Schmidt,
Lewis, LeSc momentum diffusivity/
thermal diffusivity/ mass
mass diffusivity
diffusivity
Stanton, St heat transferred/ thermal capacity
Lewis, Le thermal diffusivity/ mass diffusivity
convective / conductive heat transfer
Nusselt, Nu across the boundary
Stanton, St heat transferred/ thermal capacity

convective / conductive heat transfer


Nusselt, Nu across the boundary
Chilton and Colburn J-factor analogy

This can be rearranged as

For the turbulent flow region, an empirical equation relating f and Re


Chilton and Colburn J-factor analogy

This is called as the J-factor for heat transfer


Chilton and Colburn J-factor analogy
In a similar manner,
we can relate the mass transfer and momentum transfer using
the equation for mass transfer of all liquids and gases

If we divide this by
Chilton and Colburn J-factor analogy

T
Chilton and Colburn J-factor analogy

This is called as the J-factor for mass transfer


Chilton and Colburn J-factor analogy

Extends the Reynolds analogy to liquids


Chilton and Colburn J-factor analogy

If we let

Applies to the following ranges:


For heat transfer:10,000 < Re < 300,000
0.6 < Pr < 100
For mass transfer: 2,000 < Re < 300,000
0.6 < Sc < 2,500
Martinelli Analogy

Reynolds Analogy
 demonstrates similarity of mechanism
(the gradients are assumed equal)
 Pr = 1 and Sc = 1

Chilton-Colburn J-factor Analogy


 demonstrates numerical similarity
(implies that the correlation equations are not faithful
statements of the mechanism, but useful in predicting
numerical values of coefficients
 wider range of Pr and Sc
Martinelli Analogy

Martinelli Analogy (heat and momentum transfer)


 applicable to the entire range of Pr number

Assumptions:
1. The T driving forces between the wall and the fluid is small
enough so that μ/μ1 = 1
2. Well-developed turbulent flow exists within the test section
3. Heat flux across the tube wall is constant along the test
section
4. Both stress and heat flux are zero at the center of the tube
and increases linearly with radius to a maximum at the wall
5. At any point εq = ετ
Martinelli Analogy
Assumptions:

6. The velocity profile


distribution given by
Figure 12.5 is valid
Martinelli Analogy

Both equal to zero;


For cylindrical geometry
Martinelli Analogy

Integrated and expressed


as function of position

Converted in the form

Both equal to zero;


For cylindrical geometry
Martinelli Analogy
Martinelli Analogy

Martinelli Analogy (heat and momentum transfer)


 applicable to the entire range of Pr number
 predicts Nu for liquid metals
 contributes to understanding of the mechanism of heat
and momentum transfer
Martinelli Analogy

Martinelli Analogy (heat and momentum transfer)


 applicable to the entire range of Pr number
 predicts Nu for liquid metals
 contributes to understanding of the mechanism of heat
and momentum transfer
Analogies
EXAMPLE
Compare the value of the Nusselt number, given by the
appropriate empirical equation, to that predicted by the
Reynolds, Colburn and Martinelli analogies for each of the
following substances at Re= 100,000 and f = 0.0046. Consider
all substances at 1000F, subject to heating with the tube wall
at 1500F.
Example
Sample Calculation
For air,
Example
Sample Calculation
For air, by Reynolds analogy
Example
Sample Calculation
For air, by Colburn analogy
Example
Sample Calculation
For air, by Martinelli analogy
FIN

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