Tehri Hydro Power Plant

General Study of Internal/External Electrification and 33/11 kV Substation

Summer Training Presentation

Anubhav Gupta Department of Electrical Engineering

160970105004 THDC Institute of Hydropower Engineering
(Electrical Engineering) and Technology
 CONTENTS

1 Introduction

2 Electrification

3 33/11kV Substation
 INTRODUCTION

 TEHRI HYDRO DEVELOPMENTCORPORATIONor

THDC, is a joint venture of the Central Government
and Uttar Pradesh State Government (Now
Uttarakhand Government).

 The Tehri Dam is a multi-purpose rock and earth - fill

embankment dam at the confluence of Bhagirathi
and Bhilangna River at Tehri in Uttarakhand, India.
Tehri Hydro Power Projects comprises of three phases.
 ELECTRIFICATION

1. Internal Electrification

2. External Electrification
 1. INTERNAL ELECTRIFICATION

 Basic Elements of Internal Electrification:

1.1 Types Of Loads

1.2 Size Of Wires.
1.3 Ratings Of Wires.
1.4 Number Of Switches In A Switch Board.
 1.1 TYPES OF LOADS

i) LIGHT LOAD : Loads which can

withstand upto the total wattage of 800
Watts.

ii) POWER LOAD : Loads which can

withstand more than the total wattage of
800 Watts.
 1.2 SIZE OF WIRES

 i) FOR LIGHT LOAD : For Light Load the

size of wire should be upto 2.2-2.5 mm2.

 ii) FOR POWER LOAD : For Power Load

the size of wire should be upto 4.2-4.5 mm2.
 1.3 RATINGS OF WIRES

i) FOR LIGHT LOAD : For Light Load the

rating of wire should be upto 5 Amperes.

ii) FOR POWER LOAD : For Power Load the

rating of wire should be more than 5 Amperes.
1.4 NUMBER OF SWITCHES IN A SWITCH BOARD

 i) FOR LIGHT LOAD : For a room having

light loads , there can be a maximum of 8-10
switches in a Switch Board.

 ii) FOR POWER LOAD : For a room having

Power loads , there can be a maximum of 1-2
Power switches(ACCORDING TO LOAD) in a Switch
Board.
 2. EXTERNAL ELECTRIFICATION

 Basic Elements of External Electrification:

2.1 Energy Meter.

2.2 Types Of Wires.
2.3 Types Of Insulators.
2.4 Types Of Poles.
2.5 Transformer used.
 2.1 ENERGY METER

Energy Meter measures Energy in KWH or units form.

Basically we uses two windings in Energy Meter:
i) Current coil : The current coil is connected in series with
the electric circuit.
ii) Potential coil : The potential coil is connected in parallel
with the electric circuit . It is also known as Pressure Coil.

Energy(E) is formulated as = Power*Time

= Voltage*Current*Time
E = (V.I).t KWH
 BASIC DATA FOR ALUMINIUM CONDUCTORS STEEL REINFORCED (ACSR) AS PER IS 398 (PART - II) : 1976

2.2 TYPES OF WIRES

Stranding & Wire Diameter
Approx weight Kg./Km. Current Carrying Capacity
No. & (mm) Calculate
Nominal
Nominal Conductor Conductor Cond- d 65 75 90
Equivale Conduc- Ultimate
Aluminiu (Al) (Steel) uctor Resistan
nt tor Breaking Deg. C Deg. C Deg. C
m Diam- ce
Code Word Copper Area Total Al. Steel. AT 200C Load
Area eter
Area (Sqmm) Dia Dia Kg/Km Kg/Km Kg/Km Ohm/K (Kn)
(Sqmm) No. No. (mm) Amps Amps Amps
(Sqmm) (mm) (mm) m

Gopher 16 25.90 30.62 6 2.36 1 2.36 7.08 106.00 72.00 34 1.098 952 88 109 145
Ferret 25 41.87 49.48 6 3.00 1 3.00 9.00 171 116 55 0.6795 1503 125 155 195
Mink 40 63.32 73.65 6 3.66 1 3.66 10.98 255 173 82 0.4565 2207 167 208 250

Horse 42 71.58 116.20 12 2.79 7 2.79 13.95 542 204 338 0.3977 6108 189 235 280

Beaver 45 74.07 87.53 6 3.99 1 3.99 11.97 303 205 98 0.3841 2613 189 235 280
Otter 50 82.85 97.91 6 4.22 1 4.22 12.66 339 230 109 0.3434 2923 207 257 305
Cat 55 94.21 111.30 6 4.50 1 4.50 13.50 385 261 124 0.3020 3324 229 285 325
Leopard 80 129.70 148.40 6 5.28 7 1.76 15.48 493 360 133 0.2193 4137 315 378 440
Coyote 80 128.50 151.60 26 2.54 7 1.90 15.86 521 365 156 0.2214 4638 286 367 430
Tiger 80 128.10 161.80 30 2.36 7 2.36 16.52 604 363 241 0.2221 5758 312 373 435
Nynx 110 179.00 226.20 30 2.79 7 2.79 19.53 844 506 338 0.1589 7950 385 475 540
Lion 140 232.50 293.90 30 3.18 7 3.18 22.26 1097 659 438 0.1223 10210 465 574 640
Bear 160 258.10 326.10 30 3.35 7 3.35 23.45 1219 734 485 0.1102 11310 506 623 685
Goat 185 316.50 400.00 30 3.71 7 3.71 25.97 1492 896 596 0.0898 13780 586 724 780
Sheep 225 366.1 462.60 30 3.99 7 3.99 27.93 1726 1036 690 0.0777 15910 655 808 860
Deer 260 419.30 529.80 30 4.27 7 4.27 29.89 1977 1188 789 0.0678 18230 726 896 940
Elk 300 465.70 588.40 30 4.50 7 4.50 31.50 2196 1320 876 0.0611 20240 787 970 1015
Camel 300 464.50 537.70 54 3.35 7 3.35 30.15 1804 1318 486 0.0612 14750 787 970 1015
Sparrow 20 33.16 39.22 6 2.67 1 2.67 8.01 135 92 43 0.8578 1208 110 140 174
Fox 22 36.21 42.92 6 2.79 1 2.79 8.37 149 101 48 0.7857 1313 116 144 180
Guinea 49 78.56 127.20 12 2.92 7 2.92 14.60 590 224 366 0.3620 6664 208 244 296
Lark 125 196.10 247.80 30 2.92 7 2.92 20.44 922 556 366 0.1451 8559 378 410 490
 2.3 TYPES OF INSULATORS

i) Pin type insulators: It is used in power

distribution for the voltage upto 33kV. These
are generally made of porcelain, ceramics,
silicon rubber etc.
ii) Strain insulators: When there is a dead end or there
is a sharp corner in transmission line, the line has to
sustain a great tensile load of conductor or strain.
iii) Shackle insulators: The shackle insulator (also
known as pool insulator) is usually used in low
voltage distribution network.
Fig.2.3.1 : A 33kV Pin insulator Fig.2.3.2 : Shackle Insulator

Fig.2.3.3 : Strain insulator

 2.4 TYPES OF POLES

i) Wooden poles: These are made of seasoned wood (sal or chir)

and are suitable for lines of relatively shorter spans, upto 50
metres. Such supports are cheap, easily available, provide
insulating properties.

ii) Steel poles: The steel poles are often used as a substitute for
wooden poles. They possess greater mechanical strength, longer
life and permit longer spans to be used. Such poles are
generally used for distribution purposes in the cities.

iii) RCC poles: The reinforced concrete poles are commonly used
now-a-days. They have greater mechanical strength, longer life
and permit longer spans than steel poles.
Fig.2.4.1 : Wooden Pole Fig.2.4.2 : Steel Pole

Fig.2.4.3 : RCC Pole

 2.4 TRANSFORMER USED

• Distribution Transformer (Step Down Transformer) : Transformer which converts

high voltage (11kV) to low voltage(220V) for the household circuit. It normally have
ratings less than 200 kVA. Such as 25kVA , 63KVA, 100KVA (11KV/415V) – 3
phase etc.

Fig.2.5.1 : A 25kVA , 3-phase Step Down transformer Fig.2.5.2 : A 25kVA , 1-phase Step Down transformer
 33/11 KV SUBSTATION

Basic Elements of Internal Electrification:

3.1 POWER TRANSFORMER(5MVA)
3.2 INSTRUMENT TRANSFORMER(C.T. & P.T.)
3.3 LIGHTING ARRESTOR(L.A.)
3.4 ISOLATORS
3.5 BUS-BAR
3.6 CIRCUIT BREAKERS
 33/11 KV SUBSTATION

Fig. : Single Line Diagram of 33/11kV Substation , Bhagirathipuram

 3.1 POWER TRANSFORMER(5MVA)

Power transformer is an important part of any substation , the 33kV line comes to the
power transformer as its input and after step down it sends 11kV as its output.

Fig. 3.1.1 : 5MVA TRANSFORMER AT 33/11kV SUBSTATION BHAGIRATHIPURAM

 3.2 INSTRUMENT TRANSFORMER(C.T. & P.T.)

i) CURRENT TRANSFORMER : Current transformers are generally used to

measure currents of high magnitude. The secondary winding has large
number of turns accurately wound for a specific turns ratio. Now, the
secondary current is measured with the help of an AC ammeter. The turns
ratio of a transformer is NP / NS = IS / IP.
Generally, current transformers are expressed in their primary to secondary
current ratio. A 100:5 CT would mean the secondary current of 5 amperes
when primary current is 100 amperes.

ii) POTENTIAL TRANSFORMER : Potential transformers are also known as

voltage transformers and they are basically step down transformers with
extremely accurate turns ratio. Potential transformers step down the voltage
of high magnitude to a lower voltage . These transformers have large number
of primary turns and smaller number of secondary turns. A potential
transformer is typically expressed in primary to secondary voltage ratio. For
example, a 600:120 PT would mean the voltage across secondary is 120 volts
when primary voltage is 600 volts.
Fig. 3.2.1 33/11kV Current Transformer Fig. 3.2.2 33/11kV Oil Cooled Potential Transformer
 3.3 LIGHTING ARRESTOR(L.A.)

It protects the substation equipment from transient high voltage and

also limits the duration and amplitude of the flow of current. The Lightning
arrestor is connected between line and earth, i.e., in parallel with the
equipment under protection at the substation. The lightning arrester diverts,
the current of the surges to the earth and hence protects the insulation and
conductor of the system from damage.

Fig. 3.3.1 Lightning Arrestor used in 33/11kV substation

 3.4 ISOLATORS

It is a type of switches which is employed only for isolating the

circuit when the current has only been interrupted. The isolator is called
disconnected switches operates under no load condition. They are not
equipped with arc-quenching devices. They do not have any specified current
breaking capacity or current making capacity. In some cases, it is used for
breaking the charging current of the transmission line.

Fig. 3.4.1 Isolators used in 33/11kV substation

 3.5 BUS-BAR

 In electric power distribution, a busbar is a metallic strip(copper) or bar,

typically housed inside switchgear, panel boards, and used for joining two or
more generator lines. It also acts as the meeting junction of incoming
and outgoing currents.

Fig. 3.5.1 Busbars used in 33/11kV substation

 3.6 CIRCUIT BREAKERS

The circuit breaker is a type of electrical switches which is used for

opening or closing of electrical circuit whenever faults occur in the system.
It consists of two moving contacts which are normally closed. Whenever the
fault occurs in the system, the relay sends the tripping command to the
circuit breaker and hence their contacts are moved apart. Thus, the fault
occurs in the system becomes clear.

Fig. 3.6.1 Circuit Breakers used in 33/11kV substation