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Summarizing and Paraphrasing

Summarizing involves writing a brief summary that includes the main points from a passage in a shorter form than the original. SWOT analysis is a technique to identify strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats to help understand factors that can help or hinder achieving goals and career progress. Paraphrasing rewrites something using different words while maintaining the original meaning, and is a good alternative to direct quotations.

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Marge Cutamora
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456 views26 pages

Summarizing and Paraphrasing

Summarizing involves writing a brief summary that includes the main points from a passage in a shorter form than the original. SWOT analysis is a technique to identify strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats to help understand factors that can help or hinder achieving goals and career progress. Paraphrasing rewrites something using different words while maintaining the original meaning, and is a good alternative to direct quotations.

Uploaded by

Marge Cutamora
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Summarizing

Summarizing is writing a
summary or a brief of the
passage or writing the
synopsis which includes the
main points mentions in the
passage and is always much
shorter than the passage.
Purpose of a Summary

• It helps to judge the understanding of an


individual about the given passage.
• Helps to build the comprehending capability
of the students
• Helps curate the essential components from
the passage without causing a confusion
• Help to remember the passage and its
important details i.e helps build memory.
Framework to Write a Good Summary

Before writing a summary, one must ask themselves


the following questions:

• What is or are the main ideas given in the passage?


• What the passage is about
• It’s tone
• What type of writing it is
• What are the crucial details and points
that support the ideas?
• Are the parts relevant to the passage?
• What is the irrelevant information in the
passage?
• If you were to write a headline or heading
for the passage in your own words, how
would you begin?
STEPS TO SUMMARIZE A LONG TEXT

1.If you are reading longer texts (e.g. a chapter, a


journal article), skim read the information.
Note sub-headings, the first and last
paragraphs and topic sentences.
2. Read the text carefully using a dictionary.
3. Reread a difficult text several times.
4. Write notes in point form using key words and
ideas.
5. Put your text away and write your summary
from your notes.
6. Refer back to the original to make sure that
your summary truly reflects the writer's ideas
and strength of opinion (degree of certainty
on this topic).
7. Do not forget to use an in-text reference at
the start or end of your summary.
The itsy bitsy spider
Climbed up the water spout
Down came the rain and
Washed the spider out

1 Up came the sun and


Dried up all the rain
And the itsy bitsy spider
Climbed up the spout again.

A spider fell but got up again.


2
3
Original

So how do you go about identifying your strengths and


weaknesses, and analyzing the opportunities and threats
that flow from them? SWOT Analysis is a useful technique
that helps you to do this.
4 What makes SWOT especially powerful is that, with a little
thought, it can help you to uncover opportunities that you
would not otherwise have spotted. And by understanding
your weaknesses, you can manage and eliminate threats
that might otherwise hurt your ability to move forward in
your role.
If you look at yourself using the SWOT
framework, you can start to separate
yourself from your peers, and further
develop the specialized talents and abilities
that you need in order to advance your
career and to help you achieve your personal
goals.
Summary

SWOT Analysis is a technique that helps you


identify strengths, weakness, opportunities,
and threats. Understanding and managing
these factors helps you to develop the abilities
you need to achieve your goals and progress in
your career.
What’s dressed in all black, practices stealth, and is
a master of espionage, sabotage, and
assassination? You guessed it: it’s a ninja! Perhaps
the only thing more elusive than a ninja is
5 the source of the word ninja. In China ninja are
more often referred to as shinobi.
The Chinese word shinobi, short for shinobi-no-
mono, means “to steal away.” The
word shinobi appears in Chinese poems as far back as
the eighth century.
So how did this word become a ninja? Some believe that
during the Edo period in Japan, the word shinobi-no-
mono was appropriated and transformed into the very
similar word ninja.
This probably happened because it was a lot quicker and
easier to just say, ninja. It is difficult to see how such
a transformation could have occurred when we look at the
words using our alphabet, but if you look at the kanji
representing these words, it may make more sense to
you. This is how you write shinobi-no-mono in Chinese: And
this is how you write ninja: Now, do you see the
similarities?
Summary:

The word ninja is an ‘elusive’ word. In Chinese, a


ninja is called a ‘shinobi’ which means ‘to steal
away’ and also appears in many ancient poems. The
Japanese, later on, derived the word ninja from
shinobi as it was easy to say it. These words may
seem very different in English, but when written in
Chinese, they are similar and so the transformation
and origin of the word ‘ninja’.
ASSESS YOUR SUMMARY

• The MEANING is the same.


• The summary keeps the degree of
certainty of the writer.
• This is a much shorter version of the
original writing.
• The source/s of information is/are
clearly referenced.
Paraphrasing
To paraphrase is to rewrite something using
different words without changing the original
meaning. This is what is usually meant by the
phrase ‘in your own words’. The paraphrase
should be clearer and more easily understood
than the original and is often about the same
length. Paraphrases are a good alternative to
using direct quotations.
In your writing, you may make a
paraphrase of:

● short sections of text (e.g. phrases,


sentences)
● longer sections of text (e.g. a
paragraph)
● information that explains tables or
figures.
WRITING AN EFFECTIVE PARAPHRASE

1. Read the text carefully. Underline, or note, any


important subject-specific words.
2. Look up any difficult words, and try to find
synonyms for them.
3. Try to find different ways of expressing the
information in the groups of words (phrases).
4. Rewrite each sentence. Try to simplify the
sentence structure and the vocabulary without
changing the meaning
5. Put your text out of sight and write your
paraphrase from memory.
6. Revise what you have written, comparing
it to the original. Your paraphrase should
clarify the original, but be written clearly in
your own words.
7. Do not forget to use an in-text reference
at the start or end of your paraphrase
1
2
3
ASSESS YOUR PARAPHRASE

• The MEANING is the same.


• Most of the words have been
changed.
• The sentences have been significantly
restructured.
• This is about the same length as the
original writing ü The information is
correctly referenced.

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