Eutectic System and Phase Diagram
1
Eutectic term was proposed by:
The term eutectic was coined in 1884 by British
physicist and chemist
Frederick Guthrie (1833–1886).
2
Eutectic system with phase
diagram
A eutectic system is a homogeneous, solid The phrase most commonly refers to a
mixture of two or more substances that form mixture of alloys
a super-lattice; the mixture either melts or
solidifies at a lower temperature.
3
For example
Eutectic alloys for soldering, composed of
tin (Sn), lead (Pb) and sometimes silver
(Ag) or gold (Au) — especially Sn63Pb37
alloy formula for electronics
Inkjet printer ink is a eutectic mixture,
permitting printing at a relatively low
temperature.
4
Eutectic phase diagram
Phase diagrams are graphical representations of the phases present in a
particular alloy being held at a particular temperature.
5
Binary Eutectic phase diagram
6
Binary Eutectic phase diagram
7
Hypoeutectic phase diagram
8
Hypereutectic phase diagram
9
10
LITERATURE REVIEW
paeonol-menthol eutectic mixture for enhanced
transdermal delivery
the pseudo-ternary phase diagrams were constructed by a water titration method.
Surfactant (Cremophor EL) and co-surfactant (Glycerin) were mixed in 2:1 (w/w) ratio.
the mixture was dropped with water under continuous vortexing
the pae: men 4:6 system showed the highest
solubility of paeonol(593.3±26.6lg/ml)
11
The dark area represents the region in which
micro emulsions formed.
Get larger as the ratio of paeonol to menthol
decreased 4:6
At ratio of (4:6), skin penetration and deposition
of paeonol was significantly enhanced by formation
of small droplets
As a result the micro emulsion formulation on drug–menthol eutectic mixture can be applied
as a potential transdermal delivery system for better therapeutic efficacy.
12
Eutectics of Lovastatin with Carboxylic Acids
Binary eutectic mixtures of LOV with benzoic, salicylic and cinnamic carboxylic
acids is produced.
Lovastatin showed improvements in solubility in all three systems.
After a significant reduction in the melting temperature, solubility analysis were
performed on the LOV-BEN, LOV-SAL and LOV-CIN systems.
Eutectic materials were evaluated after solubility determinations by PXRD
measurements
13
the IDR was determined for the LOV-SAL eutectic system
a linear behavior in the IDR of pure LOV with values of (0.0096 ±0.154) mg cm−2
min−1
the LOV-SAL (0.0284 ± 1.4009) mg cm−2 min−1
LOV-SAL eutectic mixture showed in fact an important increment of solubility in
respect to pure LOV
14
Eutectic Composition of Simple Binary Alloy
System Using Linear Geometry
eutectic composition of simple binary alloy system can be determined using linear
geometry within tolerable experimental deviation range of 2.5%.
A (100) – Ar + Br = 0
Where r = composition of the metal that has the higher freezing point
A = thermal gradient of the metal that has the lower freezing
B = thermal gradient of the metal that has the higher freezing
The eutectic T must be known in order to be able to estimate composition using
linear geometry
15
The depressions of freezing point lines of lead and tin meet at a point called the
eutectic point.
The eutectic point for a tin-lead binary system is 38% wt Pb, 62%wt Sn at 183°C.
(Sn) is (100 – 39.89) % = 60.11%.
A novel approach to removing the difficulty
encountered in the conventional methods.
16
Dependence of Eutectic - Composition on Densities
At the eutectic point lower density component could accommodate the other higher
density component into its empty sites
the component with lower density is present in more proportions in comparison to
the component with higher density
old strong forces get weakened to the maximum extent and hence
melting point of the eutectic mixture became lowest.
% COMPOSITION EUTECTIC MIXTURE EUTECTIC TEMP
Malonic acid (50%) Malonic acid-Succinic acid 392.16 K
Succinic acid (50%)
Malonic acid (40%) Malonic acid-Benzoic acid 380.16 K
Benzoic acid (60%)
Benzoic acid (60%) Benzoic acid-Oxalic acid 387.16 K
Oxalic acid (40%)
17
Dependence of Eutectic - Composition on
Densities
ACID COMPONENT DENSITY
MALONIC ACID 1.62
SUCCINIC ACID 1.56
BENZOIC ACID 1.32
OXALIC ACID 1.90
18
Eutectic Mixture of Biphenyl and
Diphenylmethane as a Potential Liquid Organic
Hydrogen Carrier
a eutectic mixture prepared by the addition of Diphenylmethane into biphenyl, act as
a potential liquid hydrogen energy carrier
A eutectic mixture was formed to lower the melting point of biphenyl.
For non ideal behaviour UNIFAC and COSMO-RS are use to calculate the activity
coefficient i-e ˷ 1
results in a phase behavior similar to
that of an ideal mixture.
The capability of the eutectic mixture
to take up sufficient quantities of
hydrogen (̴ 6.9 wt% and 60.1 gL -1)
19
Uses
It is useful in medication for providing pain relief
among children
Eutectic mixtures of some carboxylic acids are also
used in cosmetic compositions
Suitable alloy composition can be predicted with the
help of eutectic system
Used in preparing solders, used for joining two
metal pieces together.
Eutectic mixture use in drug designing and delivery
processes
20
21
22
