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Engineering Plastics 1

The document discusses several types of engineering plastics including polyurethanes, polyethylene terephthalate (PET), nylon 6, nylon 6,6, and nylon 11. It describes their production methods, properties, and common applications. Polyurethanes are produced through reaction of diisocyanates and diols. They have excellent flexibility and resistance to abrasion and solvents. Common uses include coatings, foams, adhesives and fibers. PET is produced from ethylene glycol and terephthalic acid. It can be spun into strong fibers used in bottles, clothing and other products. Nylons are produced through ring-opening polymerization or condensation polymerization. They have high

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78 views29 pages

Engineering Plastics 1

The document discusses several types of engineering plastics including polyurethanes, polyethylene terephthalate (PET), nylon 6, nylon 6,6, and nylon 11. It describes their production methods, properties, and common applications. Polyurethanes are produced through reaction of diisocyanates and diols. They have excellent flexibility and resistance to abrasion and solvents. Common uses include coatings, foams, adhesives and fibers. PET is produced from ethylene glycol and terephthalic acid. It can be spun into strong fibers used in bottles, clothing and other products. Nylons are produced through ring-opening polymerization or condensation polymerization. They have high

Uploaded by

prabhuar8
Copyright
© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Engineering Plastics

(Contd…)
Polyurethanes (Perlon – U)

n O=C=N-(CH2)6-N=C=O + n HO-(CH2)4-OH
1,6 hexamethylene 1,4 butane diol
di-isocyanate

O O
- C-NH-(CH2)6-NH-C-O-(CH2)4-O -
Polyurethane (Perlon – U)
Polyurethanes - Properties
1. It possesses excellent flexibility even at sub-zero
temperature
2. It is less stable than polyamides
3. It is easily affected by moisture. Any moisture
present reacts with the diisocyanate to produce
an unstable intermediate
4. It is characterised by excellent resistance to
abrasion and solvents
5. These may be cast to produce gaskets, seals and
printing rolls
Polyurethanes - Uses
• Polyurethanes are used as coatings, films,
foams, adhesives and elastomers
• They are used to produce gaskets and seals
• They are used in defence, oceanographic
research, mountaineering, plastic foam (ex. coir
foam, thermocole, etc.)
• Resilient polyurethane fibres (spandex) are
used for foundation garments and swim suits
• They also find use as a leather substitute
(corfam)
Structure of Polyurethane

n O=C = N – (CH2)6 – N=C=O + HO – (CH2)4 – OH


1,6 Hexamethylene di isocyanate 1,4 Butane diol

O H H O
C N – (CH2)6 – N C O – (CH2)4 O
n
Applications of Polyurethane
Applications of Polyurethane
Polyurethane being used as an insulator in house construction
Polyurethane used as Flooring solution
Industrial polyurethane application
Polyester - Polyethylene terephthalate (PET) - Preparation
Polyethylene Terephthalate - Properties

1. It has a symmetrical structure and can be


converted into fibres
2. It is a good fibre-forming material and is
converted into commercial fibres
3. The fibres possess high stretch-resistance and
wrinkle-resistance
4. It is highly resistant to mineral and organic
acids, but is less resistant to alkalis
Polyethylene Terephthalate - Uses
1. It is used for making synthetic fibres like
terylene, dacron, etc.
2. It is used for blending with wool to impart better
wrinkle resistance
3. It is used as glass reinforcing material in safety
helmets, aircrafts, battery boxes, etc.
4. PET is highly resistant to mineral and organic
acids, but is less resistant alkalis.
Applications of PET
Preparation of Nylon 6
Preparation of Nylon 6,6
Nylon 6 and Nylon 6 6 - Preparation
Nylon 11 - Preparation

H O
Self condensation
n H2N – (CH2)10 – COOH ( N – (CH2)10 – C ) n

 - Amino undecanoic acid Nylon 11


Polyamides (Nylon) - Properties
1. Nylons are translucent, whitest and high
melting polymers
2. They possess high temperature stability
and good abrasion-resistance
3. They are insoluble in common organic
solvents and soluble in phenol and formic
acid
4. Nylon can be sterilized with steam or
boiling water, so it is suitable for many
medical applications.
Polyamides (Nylon) - Uses
1. Nylons are used for making filaments for
ropes, bristles for tooth-brushes and films,
tyre cords, etc.
2. Nylon – 6 and Nylone – 11 are mainly
used for moulding purposes for gears,
bearings, electrical mounting etc.
3. Nylon 6 6 is used for fibres, which is used
in making socks, dresses, carpets, etc.
4. It used in making rollers, textile
machineries
γ-form.

Mechanical,
Applications of Nylon
Free radical mechanism – Addition polymerisation
Poly styrene
Structure of Polythene
Structure of Polythene
Structure of Polyvinyl Chloride

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