The Oxygen Family (Chalcogens)
Introduction
6 valence electrons ns2 np4
They are all Reactive
Properties of the Group VIA Elements
State of The Atoms and Color
Oxygen Gas Oxygen/polonium Colorless
Sulfur Tellurium/Selenium Gray or
Selenium Solid Silverish
Tellurium Sulfur Pale Yellow
Polonium
Metals, Non-Metals, or Metalloids?
Oxygen
Sulfur Non--metal
Selenium
Tellurium Metalloid
Polonium Metalloid
Oxygen
• Discovered by Joseph
Priestly in 1774
• Helps people breathe
• Its is colorless, odorless
and tasteless
Occurrence, Production, and Uses
Uses of Oxygen Gas
Oxygen
Allotropes: O2 and O3
O2 Lewis structure :Ö::Ö:
double bond (490 kJmol-1)
paired electrons (actually paramagnetic!)
O3 Lewis structure
resonance
dipole moment
reactive
O2
O2– M binding
Bio O2 Binding
Hemocyanin
Hemoglobin
octopus, spiders, crab
most animals
Hemerythrin some worms
Ozone O3
Properties Ozone O3
Ozone: Structure and Bonding
Good Ozone, Bad Ozone
Typical Oxides
Ligands with O
Sulfur
• Used to make
paper
• Most sulfur
compounds have a
strong odor
• Sulfur is also a good
insulator
Sulfur
The Frasch Process
Allotropy and Polymorphism of Sulfur
Sources and Uses of Sulfur and its Oxides
Sulfur oxidation
Hydrides
Hydrides of Group VIA
Oxides of Sulfur
Sulfuric Acid
SO2 Emissions and the Environment
Some Oxoanions of Sulfur
