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Building Information System: Satinder Kaur

This document provides information about building information systems and system development. It discusses how building a new information system involves planned organizational change that goes beyond new hardware and software to include changes to jobs, skills, management and organization. It outlines the system development process which includes system analysis, design, programming, testing, conversion, and production/maintenance. Specific methodologies for system design like structured and object-oriented are also covered. Examples of data flow diagrams are provided to illustrate system functions and information flows.

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Dipesh Kumar
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75 views27 pages

Building Information System: Satinder Kaur

This document provides information about building information systems and system development. It discusses how building a new information system involves planned organizational change that goes beyond new hardware and software to include changes to jobs, skills, management and organization. It outlines the system development process which includes system analysis, design, programming, testing, conversion, and production/maintenance. Specific methodologies for system design like structured and object-oriented are also covered. Examples of data flow diagrams are provided to illustrate system functions and information flows.

Uploaded by

Dipesh Kumar
Copyright
© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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BUILDING INFORMATION

SYSTEM
Satinder Kaur
Faculty in Management
[email protected]
System as Planned Organizational Change

• Building a new Information System is a


Planned organizational change.
• It is much more than a new hardware and
software.
• It involves changes in jobs, skills, management
& organization.
System Development & Organizational
Change
Four types of structural changes enabled by IT
1. Automation
2. Rationalization
3. Reengineering
4. Paradigm Shifts
Business Process Reengineering
• A business process is a set of logically related
tasks performed to achieve a defined business
outcome. Re-engineering is the basis for many
recent developments in management
System Development
Systems Developments is a structured kind of
problem solving with distinct activities.
These Activities consist of
• System Analysis
• System Design
• System Development Process
• Programming
• Testing
• Conversion
• Production & Maintenance
System Analysis
System analysis is the analysis of the problem that
organization try to solve with information system. It
consist of-
• Defining the problem
• Identifying the causes
• Specifying the solution
• Identifying the information requirement
System analyst create the road map of the existing
organization systems, identify the problem and then
suggest alternative solutions . It also include feasibility
study about the feasibility of solution technically,
financially and at organization level.
System Design
• System design is the overall plan or model for
the new system. It is like the blueprint of
building.
• It consist of all the specifications that will
deliver the functions identified during system
analysis.
System Development Process Programming

• During programming stage, system


specifications that were prepared during the
design stage are translated into software
programme code.

• Also, if the software that meets the


requirements for the new system from
external source can be purchased.
System Development Process Testing
System Development Process Conversion
System Development Process Production &
Maintenance
System Designing Methodologies
Structured Methodology
Object Oriented Methodology
Structured Methodology
• It is step by step approach with each step building on
the previous one.

• It is top down ,progressing from highest, most


abstract level to the lowest level of the detail.

• It is process oriented focusing on modeling the


processes or actions that capture store, manipulate
and distribute data as the data flow through a system.
Process Model
• A process is a business activity which when
executed produces certain outputs from given
inputs
• The function(s) performed by a process may be
complex, with multiple inputs, outputs and users
• The entire application itself is a process
• We use successive decomposition into sub
processes to reveal greater details of the
processing
Function Decomposition
• Decomposition splits the task into subtasks;
subtasks together make-up the parent task;
• Balanced decomposition: sub-tasks are
roughly equal in complexity
Function Decomposition
• Top-down decomposition gives hierarchical
structure
• Decompose into 2 or more; not more than 5
• A high cohesion (high independence) and
minimum coupling (minimum
interdependence) are fundamental criteria
• Continue decomposition until elementary
processes are identified
Function Decomposition
• Elementary process is a smallest unit of
activity meaningful to end user (it sees and
leaves data in consistent state)
• Process decomposition diagram
– A tree structure
– Elementary processes are leaf nodes
– Data are not shown
Function Decomposition …
• Use proper naming of processes
• Business functions named as nouns
(marketing, Inventory control, …)
• Process name consists of an active verb and
an object (accept order, calculate interest, …)
Data Flow Diagram (DFD)
• Very popular tool for describing functions of a
system in terms of processes and data used by
them
• DFDs are simple pictorial representations;
easily understood by users and management.
Data Flow Diagrams (DFD) …
• DFDs are unambiguous and concise
• They can describe processing at physical as
well as logical levels
• DFDs facilitate top-down development
• They permit outlining of preferences and
scope
DFD Notation
• Data Flow : labeled arrow

• Sources and sinks of information/data (also called external entity)

or

• Process

or

• Available data (data store)


or n
DFD Example 1: Payroll
DFD Example 2: Old Car Mart
• Buys and sells old cars; has large number in
stock: different models, make, year, colors,…
• Does some repairs for adding value; records
kept; has own garage
• Advertise in news papers
• Salesmen hired on commission basis to
handle customers, negotiate, etc.
• Needs to take stocks; prepare summary of
sales, profits, etc; pay salesmen
Example 3: Book Supplier
• Supplies books to customers; no stocks
maintained; books sourced directly from
publishers
• Prepare context diagrams

(all inputs/output not shown, such as invoices,…..


Book-Supplier : Refinement 1
Book Supplier: Exploding Process 2

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