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Copyright © SERGI,referenced: fTPvc06a, dated 29/01/04 1

 SERGI TRANSFORMER PROTECTOR
TRANSFORMER EXPLOSION AND FIRE PREVENTION

SUMMARY
Design
Types and Principle
System Components
Logic Diagram
Fire Extinction Back Up Principle
Retrofitting On Existing Transformers
Installation Examples

Index Quit

Copyright © SERGI,referenced: fTPvc06a, dated 29/01/04 2

 SERGI TRANSFORMER PROTECTOR

DESIGN

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Copyright © SERGI,referenced: fTPvc06a, dated 29/01/04 3

 SERGI TRANSFORMER PROTECTOR
DESIGN, PRINCIPLE
The TRANSFORMER PROTECTOR is a concept that can be applied to
all transformers from 0.1MVA. It enables to:

Depressurise the transformer tank within

milliseconds.
Avoid contact between air (oxygen) and the
evacuated explosive gases.
Separate gases from oil.
Channel the gases far away from the
transformer to a remote area where they can
burn safely.
Eliminate the generation of explosive gases
by making use of nitrogen injection.

Index Quit

Copyright © SERGI,referenced: fTPvc06a, dated 29/01/04 4

 SERGI TRANSFORMER PROTECTOR
DESIGN, RELIABILITY

The TRANSFORMER PROTECTOR is a passive mechanical

system, which can only be activated by the level of the
transformer tank internal pressure reached during short-
circuits.

The TRANSFORMER
PROTECTOR has therefore a
very high reliability, as false
activation is impossible.

Index Quit

Copyright © SERGI,referenced: fTPvc06a, dated 29/01/04 5

 SERGI TRANSFORMER PROTECTOR
DESIGN, MAINTENANCE
The TRANSFORMER PROTECTOR has been designed to
minimize all maintenance requirements, in order to reduce:

Cost of maintenance.
Probability of Operation Malfunction.
Maintenance outage.

The TRANSFORMER PROTECTOR maintenance can be performed

during transformer regular shutdown for maintenance.

Index Quit

Copyright © SERGI,referenced: fTPvc06a, dated 29/01/04 6

 SERGI TRANSFORMER PROTECTOR

TYPES AND PRINCIPLE

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Copyright © SERGI,referenced: fTPvc06a, dated 29/01/04 7

 SERGI TRANSFORMER PROTECTOR
TRANSFORMER EXPLOSION AND FIRE PREVENTION

TRANSFORMER PROTECTOR

MTP-A : Vessel protection for transformers above 0.1MVA

STP : Vessel protection for transformers from 0.1 to 5MVA

STP Example 1

STP Example 2

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Copyright © SERGI,referenced: fTPvc06a, dated 29/01/04 8

 SERGI TRANSFORMER PROTECTOR
TRANSFORMER
PROTECTOR
TYPE MTP FOR TRANSFORMERS FROM 0.1 MVA
MTP-A

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Copyright © SERGI,referenced: fTPvc06a, dated 29/01/04 9

 SERGI TRANSFORMER PROTECTOR
TRANSFORMER
PROTECTOR
TYPE MTP FOR TRANSFORMERS FROM 0.1 MVA

MTP-A
Buchholz

Conservator Transformer Rupture Disk Explosive Gases

Shutter burn in remote area
Decompression
Isolation Valve Chamber
OLTC
Rupture Oil
Disk Drain Pipe
from other
Transformers

Explosive Oil-Gas Nitrogen

Separation Cylinder
Gas Tank
Elimination
Pipe

Index Quit

Copyright © SERGI,referenced: fTPvc06a, dated 29/01/04 10

 SERGI TRANSFORMER PROTECTOR
TRANSFORMER
PROTECTOR
TYPE MTP FOR TRANSFORMERS FROM 0.1 MVA

MTP-A
 1/ Pressure rises

 2/ Explosion
of the disk,
depressurisation,
evacuation of the
oil-gases mixture

 3/ Opening of the air

isolation shutter


N2
4/ Nitrogen injection

 5/ Explosive gases
production is
stopped

Index Quit

Copyright © SERGI,referenced: fTPvc06a, dated 29/01/04 11

 SERGI TRANSFORMER PROTECTOR
TRANSFORMER
PROTECTOR TYPE MTP FOR TRANSFORMERS FROM 0.1MVA TO
1000MVA
MTP-A
APPLICATIONS
Power Plants, to reduce the loss of production.
Outdoor substations located near buildings or habitations or
outdoor substations when not equipped with Oil Collecting Ducts
and Remote Oil Storage Pit.
Hydro Power Plants, for indoor
transformers.
Indoor or Underground
substations.

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Copyright © SERGI,referenced: fTPvc06a, dated 29/01/04 12

 SERGI TRANSFORMER PROTECTOR
TRANSFORMER
PROTECTOR TYPE MTP FOR TRANSFORMERS FROM 0.1MVA TO
1000MVA
MTP-A
CHARACTERISTICS
Every Depressurisation Set has a Decompression Chamber.
The explosive Oil-Gases mixture is evacuated to an Oil-Gases
Separation Tank.
The explosive gases are
channeled to a remote area where
they can burn safely.
The Oil-Gas Separation Set can
be shared between Several
transformers when not located far
from each other.

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Copyright © SERGI,referenced: fTPvc06a, dated 29/01/04 13

 SERGI TRANSFORMER PROTECTOR
TRANSFORMER EXPLOSION AND FIRE PREVENTION

TRANSFORMER PROTECTOR

MTP-A : Vessel protection for transformers above 0.1MVA

STP : Vessel protection for transformers from 0.1 to 5MVA

STP Example 1

STP Example 2

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Copyright © SERGI,referenced: fTPvc06a, dated 29/01/04 14

 SERGI TRANSFORMER PROTECTOR
TRANSFORMER
PROTECTOR EXPLOSION AND FIRE PREVENTION FOR
TRANSFORMERS FROM 0.1 TO 5 MVA
STP Transformer
Bushing
Rupture Disk
Shock Absorber
Isolation Valve
Gas
Evacuation
Conservator Pipe to Safe
Shutter Remote
Area
Buchholz
Nitrogen
Cylinder

Oil-Gas
Explosive Gas Separation
Elimination Pipe Tank

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Copyright © SERGI,referenced: fTPvc06a, dated 29/01/04 15

 SERGI TRANSFORMER PROTECTOR
TRANSFORMER
PROTECTOR EXPLOSION AND FIRE PREVENTION FOR
TRANSFORMERS FROM 0.1 TO 5 MVA
STP

 1/ Pressure rises
INSIDE OUTSIDE


2/ Opening of the
Rupture Disk
and evacuation of the
oil-gas mixture

 3/ Opening of the
Non Return Valve N2

 4/ Nitrogen injection

 5/ Stop the explosive

gas production

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 SERGI TRANSFORMER PROTECTOR
TRANSFORMER
PROTECTOR EXPLOSION AND FIRE PREVENTION FOR
TRANSFORMERS FROM 0.1 TO 5 MVA
STP
DIFFERENCES WITH THE MTP:
The STP only protects small transformers. This is why the Oil-Gases
Separation Tank is used as a Decompression Chamber.

APPLICATIONS FOR TRANSFORMERS FROM 0.1 TO 5MVA :

Residential and office buildings.
Underground substations.
Indoor and outdoor industrial
plants with high explosion risks.
Railway network power supply station.
Enviromental sensitive areas.

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 SERGI TRANSFORMER PROTECTOR
TRANSFORMER EXPLOSION AND FIRE PREVENTION

TRANSFORMER PROTECTOR

MTP-A : Vessel protection for transformers above 0.1MVA

STP : Vessel protection for transformers from 0.1 to 5MVA

STP Example 1

STP Example 2

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Copyright © SERGI,referenced: fTPvc06a, dated 29/01/04 18

 SERGI TRANSFORMER PROTECTOR
TRANSFORMER
PROTECTOR EXPLOSION AND FIRE PREVENTION FOR POWER
TRANSFORMERS FROM 0.1 TO 5 MVA
STP

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 SERGI TRANSFORMER PROTECTOR
TRANSFORMER
PROTECTOR EXPLOSION AND FIRE PREVENTION FOR
TRANSFORMERS FROM 0.1 TO 5 MVA
STP
Bushing Transformer
Rupture Disk
Oil-Gas
Separation
Tank
Gas
Evacuation
Pipe to Safe
Remote
Area

Nitrogen
Cylinder

Explosive Gas
Elimination Pipe

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 SERGI TRANSFORMER PROTECTOR
TRANSFORMER
PROTECTOR EXPLOSION AND FIRE PREVENTION FOR
TRANSFORMERS FROM 0.1 TO 5 MVA
STP

 1/ Pressure rises


2/ Opening of the
Rupture Disk
and evacuation of the
oil-gas mixture

 3/ Opening of the Air

Isolation Valve N2

 4/ Nitrogen injection

 5/ Stop the explosive

gas production

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Copyright © SERGI,referenced: fTPvc06a, dated 29/01/04 21

 SERGI TRANSFORMER PROTECTOR
TRANSFORMER
PROTECTOR EXPLOSION AND FIRE PREVENTION FOR
TRANSFORMERS FROM 0.1 TO 5 MVA
STP
DIFFERENCES WITH THE MTP:
No Transformer Isolation Valve.
No Shock Absorber.

APPLICATIONS FOR TRANSFORMERS FROM 0.1 TO 5MVA :

Residential and office buildings.
Underground substations.
Indoor and outdoor industrial
plants with high explosion risks.
Railway network power supply station.
Environmental sensitive areas.

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 SERGI TRANSFORMER PROTECTOR
TRANSFORMER EXPLOSION AND FIRE PREVENTION

Even though the tank has the priority to be protected, the statistics demonstrates the
importance to protect the other oil capacities. FAILURE ORIGIN
%
Rate (%) 50
45
In many cases, a failure from the On Load Tap Changer 40
35
or Bushing can spread to the transformer tank. 30
25
20
15
10 18 34 48
The same principle, using the Rupture Disk with 5
integrated Burst Indicator and nitrogen injection, is 0
Winding Bushing OLTC
used in this case to stop the explosive gas production.

The extension of the prevention system is simply done by connecting the depressurisation
pipe from On Load Tap Changer, Bushing or Cable Box to the tank explosion and fire
prevention system.

This technique proposes a global solution, for all transformer oil capacities, with only
one system, for the lowest cost.

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 SERGI TRANSFORMER PROTECTOR
TRANSFORMER EXPLOSION AND FIRE PREVENTION

TRANSFORMER PROTECTOR

MTP-A : Protection for the On Load Tap Changer.

MTP-B : Protection for the Bushings and Cable Boxes.

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Copyright © SERGI,referenced: fTPvc06a, dated 29/01/04 24

 SERGI TRANSFORMER PROTECTOR
TRANSFORMER
PROTECTOR TRANSFORMER AND ON LOAD TAP CHANGER
EXPLOSION AND FIRE PREVENTION
MTP-A
The On Load Tap Changer is the failure origin in 48% of the cases.

Over pressure diaphragms are frequently integrated

to the cover.

diaphragm
Unfortunately, no flange
1 6 allows connecting the
5
diaphragm to an oil passage.
1 - cover diaphragm
2 - tap changer 2 During short circuit, it results
3 - selector in a bazooka effect that
4 - tap changer motor propagates fire to the
4 3
5 - protection relay
transformer and its
6 - conservator oil
environment.

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 SERGI TRANSFORMER PROTECTOR
TRANSFORMER
PROTECTOR TRANSFORMER AND ON LOAD TAP CHANGER
EXPLOSION AND FIRE PREVENTION
MTP-A
The On Load Tap Changer is the failure origin in 48% of the cases.

The diaphragm on the cover is sometimes

replaced by a Pressure Relief Valve.

Pressure Relief Valve

In case of short circuit, where the On

Load Tap Changer is equipped with the
Pressure Relief Valve, the cover is often
ejected by the pressure effect.

It proves the inefficiency of the Pressure

Relief Valve.

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 SERGI TRANSFORMER PROTECTOR
TRANSFORMER
PROTECTOR TRANSFORMER AND ON LOAD TAP CHANGER
EXPLOSION AND FIRE PREVENTION
MTP-A
To channel the oil gush following an internal fault in the On Load Tap Changer, SERGI
proposes a system of depressurisation, evacuation, and cooling, all integrated in the
TRANSFORMER PROTECTOR : type MTP-A.

Flange for the quick depressurisation piping towards the TRANSFORMER PROTECTOR

SERGI Rupture Disk

with integrated
Burst Indicator
Flange for nitrogen
injection

ON LOAD TAP
CHANGER Cover with integrated
flange to install SERGI
Rupture Disk
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Copyright © SERGI,referenced: fTPvc06a, dated 29/01/04 27

 SERGI TRANSFORMER PROTECTOR
TRANSFORMER EXPLOSION AND FIRE PREVENTION

TRANSFORMER PROTECTOR

MTP-A : Protection for the On Load Tap Changer.

MTP-B : Protection for Cable Boxes.

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Copyright © SERGI,referenced: fTPvc06a, dated 29/01/04 28

 SERGI TRANSFORMER PROTECTOR
TRANSFORMER
PROTECTOR TRANSFORMER AND ON LOAD TAP CHANGER
EXPLOSION AND FIRE PREVENTION
MTP-B
The Cable Boxes are the failure origin in 33% of the cases.

Isolation Valve
Oil Collecting
Pipe

To channel the oil gush

following an internal fault in the
Bushing or Cable Box, SERGI
Rupture Disk proposes a system of
with integrated depressurisation, evacuation,
Burst Indicator
and cooling, all integrated in
the TRANSFORMER
PROTECTOR : type MTP-B.
Explosive Gas
Elimination
Injection Pipe
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 SERGI TRANSFORMER PROTECTOR

SYSTEM COMPONENTS

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 SERGI TRANSFORMER PROTECTOR
Transformer Protector MTPA Components

2
6

1 3

1. Depressurisation Set 4. Explosive Gas Elimination Pipe

2. OLTC Depressurisation Set 5. Cabinet
3. Oil-Gas Separation Tank 6. Explosive Gases Evacuation
Index Quit
7. Conservator Shutter
Copyright © SERGI,referenced: fTPvc06a, dated 29/01/04 31
 SERGI TRANSFORMER PROTECTOR
Transformer Protector MTPA Components

DEPRESSURISATION SET PRINCIPLE:

 All Depressurisation Sets include a

Rupture Disk to relieve overpressure
and a Decompression Chamber to
favor high-speed depressurisation.
 Their diameter is calculated
individually for each transformer and
On Load Tap Changer types.
 In addition, transformer tanks
Depressurisation Sets also include an
Isolation Valve and an Expansion and
Vibration Absorber

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 SERGI TRANSFORMER PROTECTOR
Transformer Protector Components

Transformer Horizontal Depressurisation Set

3 4 5
1
ELEMENTS:
1. Isolation Valve Flange
2. Isolation Valve
2
3. Absorber
4. Rupture Disk
6
5. Decompression Chamber
7
6. Support Plate
7. Vibration Absorbers

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 SERGI TRANSFORMER PROTECTOR
Transformer Protector Components

Transformer Vertical Depressurisation Set

ELEMENTS:
1. Transformer interface
2. T-piece for adaptation
3. Pressure Relief Valve
4. Isolation Valve
5. Absorber
6. Rupture Disk
7. Vibration Absorbers
8. Decompression Chamber
9. Exhaust for Gases
10. Exhaust for Oil
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 SERGI TRANSFORMER PROTECTOR
Transformer Protector Components

On Load Tap Changer Depressurisation Set

ELEMENTS:

2 1. Rupture Disk with

integrated Burst Indicator
2. Depressurisation
Chamber elbow
1 3. Explosive Gas
3
Elimination Pipe

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 SERGI TRANSFORMER PROTECTOR
Transformer Protector Components

Bushing or Cable Box Depressurisation Set

1
2 ELEMENTS:
3

1. Manual Isolation Valve

2. Rupture Disk with integrated Burst
Indicator
3. Oil Drain Pipe
4. Explosive Gas Elimination
4
Injection Pipe

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 SERGI TRANSFORMER PROTECTOR
Transformer Protector Components
Oil - Gas Separation Tank (OGST)
PRINCIPLE:
2
The OGST collects the depressurised oil and
3
flammable gas mixture.
1
Then it separates gases from oil, as the mixture is
channeled through the Explosive Gas evacuation pipe
(2) to a remote area.
One OGST can be used for several transformers, if
they are not located far from each other.
ELEMENTS:
4
1. Non Return Valve
2. Explosive gases evacuation to remote safe area
3. Oil Drain Pipe from Depressurisation Set
4. Nitrogen Injection to the OGST

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 SERGI TRANSFORMER PROTECTOR
Transformer Protector Components
Explosive Gas Elimination Set
PRINCIPLE:
Creates a safe environment inside the
transformer, OLTC and Bushings by
injecting an strong nitrogen flow.
Explosive Gas Elimination Sets can
come with multiple Nitrogen exhausts.
Each exhaust is designed to provide a
different flow of Nitrogen and can be
divided to enable multiple injection points.
ELEMENTS:
1. Exhaust to Transformer main tank
2. Exhaust to OLTC or Bushings
3. Exhaust to OGST
4. In/Out of Service and
Maintenance lamps
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 SERGI TRANSFORMER PROTECTOR
Transformer Protector Components

Control Box

 The Control Box is located in the

control room.
 It ensures the logic of the system.
 It is connected to the transformer
protections, Fire Detectors,
Isolation Valve, Conservator
Shutter, Rupture Disk and to the
Cabinet.

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 SERGI TRANSFORMER PROTECTOR
Transformer Protector Components

Conservator Shutter Valve

 Should the transformer tank or

any pipe rupture, a consequent
flow of oil will be created.
 Without a SERGI Conservator
Shutter, the total conservator oil
volume will be spilled, possibly
fuelling the fire.
 The SERGI Conservator Shutter
is designed to close when an
unusual oil flow is detected,
preventing the Conservator from
being drained.
 The closing of the Shutter can
be monitored.

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 SERGI TRANSFORMER PROTECTOR

LOGIC DIAGRAM

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 SERGI TRANSFORMER PROTECTOR

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 SERGI TRANSFORMER PROTECTOR

FIRE EXTINCTION BACK UP PRINCIPLE

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 SERGI TRANSFORMER PROTECTOR
FIRE EXTINCTION BACK UP PRINCIPLE

 1/ Pressure rises

 2/ Rupture
Disk and
tank explosion FIRE EXTINCTION

 3/ Oil and gases

evacuation
50
140
140
°C
°C
140°C
°C
50 °C°C
140

 4/ Shutter closes

 5/ Self-flammable
gases start fire


N2

6/ Nitrogen injection 50 °C
mixes oil, provoking fire
extinction within 2 minutes

7/ Nitrogen is injected during 45 minutes

Index Quit

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 SERGI TRANSFORMER PROTECTOR

RETROFITTING ON EXISTING
TRANSFORMERS

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 SERGI TRANSFORMER PROTECTOR
RETROFITTING ON EXISTING TRANSFORMERS

The SERGI TRANSFORMER PROTECTOR is easily retrofitted without

tank machining by using the existing interfaces.
DEPRESSURISATION PIPING

Cover and Side Manholes, Pressure Relief Valves and Existing Valves can be
used for the adaptation of the Depressurisation Set.

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Copyright © SERGI,referenced: fTPvc06a, dated 29/01/04 46

 SERGI TRANSFORMER PROTECTOR
RETROFITTING ON EXISTING TRANSFORMERS

NITROGEN INJECTION PIPING

Existing Valves for oil sampling and draining can be used to retrofit
the nitrogen injection.

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 SERGI TRANSFORMER PROTECTOR
RETROFITTING ON EXISTING TRANSFORMERS

The TRANSFORMER PROTECTOR can be retrofitted on the Transformer

cover by using a vertical Depressurisation Set

The TRANSFORMER
PROTECTOR can be
retrofitted on transformer
covers by replacing the
Pressure Relief Valve by a
T-piece and installing a
Vertical Depressurisation Set

Any manhole available on

the transformer can be used
as a base for retrofitting of a
Vertical or Horizontal
Depressurisation Set

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 SERGI TRANSFORMER PROTECTOR
RETROFITTING ON EXISTING TRANSFORMERS

Example of Power Plant GIS transformer leaving the tank top manholes
available for the TRANSFORMER PROTECTOR installation.
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 SERGI TRANSFORMER PROTECTOR

TRANSFORMER PROTECTOR
INSTALLATION EXAMPLES

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 SERGI TRANSFORMER PROTECTOR

INSTALLATION EXAMPLES

1 : Guatemala, SIDEGUA

2 : Mexico, CFE

3 : France, La Batie Power Plant, EDF

4 : Malaysia, Jalan Pantai, Distribution Substation

5 : Pictures

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 SERGI TRANSFORMER PROTECTOR

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 SERGI TRANSFORMER PROTECTOR

Index Quit

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 SERGI TRANSFORMER PROTECTOR

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 SERGI TRANSFORMER PROTECTOR

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 SERGI TRANSFORMER PROTECTOR

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 SERGI TRANSFORMER PROTECTOR

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 SERGI TRANSFORMER PROTECTOR

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 SERGI TRANSFORMER PROTECTOR

INSTALLATION EXAMPLES

1 : Guatemala, SIDEGUA

2 : Mexico, CFE

3 : France, La Batie Power Plant, EDF

4 : Malaysia, Jalan Pantai, Distribution Substation

5 : Pictures

Index Quit

Copyright © SERGI,referenced: fTPvc06a, dated 29/01/04 59

 SERGI TRANSFORMER PROTECTOR

Index Quit

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 SERGI TRANSFORMER PROTECTOR

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 SERGI TRANSFORMER PROTECTOR

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 SERGI TRANSFORMER PROTECTOR

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 SERGI TRANSFORMER PROTECTOR

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 SERGI TRANSFORMER PROTECTOR

INSTALLATION EXAMPLES

1 : Guatemala, SIDEGUA

2 : Mexico, CFE

3 : France, La Batie Power Plant, EDF

4 : Malaysia, Jalan Pantai, Distribution Substation

5 : Pictures

Index Quit

Copyright © SERGI,referenced: fTPvc06a, dated 29/01/04 66

 SERGI TRANSFORMER PROTECTOR

Index Quit

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 SERGI TRANSFORMER PROTECTOR

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 SERGI TRANSFORMER PROTECTOR

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 SERGI TRANSFORMER PROTECTOR

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 SERGI TRANSFORMER PROTECTOR

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 SERGI TRANSFORMER PROTECTOR

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 SERGI TRANSFORMER PROTECTOR

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 SERGI TRANSFORMER PROTECTOR

INSTALLATION EXAMPLES

1 : Guatemala, SIDEGUA

2 : Mexico, CFE

3 : France, La Batie Power Plant, EDF

4 : Malaysia, Jalan Pantai, Distribution Substation

5 : Pictures

Index Quit

Copyright © SERGI,referenced: fTPvc06a, dated 29/01/04 74

 SERGI TRANSFORMER PROTECTOR

Index Quit

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 SERGI TRANSFORMER PROTECTOR

Index Quit

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INSTALLATION EXAMPLES

1 : Guatemala, SIDEGUA

2 : Mexico, CFE

3 : France, La Batie Power Plant, EDF

4 : Malaysia, Jalan Pantai, Distribution Substation

5 : Pictures

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Control Box

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Cabinet
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Depressurisation Set
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Depressurisation Set
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Conservator Shutter
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Nitrogen Injection
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@:
[email protected]
[email protected]
[email protected]
[email protected]
[email protected]

P.O. Box 90, 78260 Achères, France

web site : www.sergi-france.com

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