Automotive – UDS

UDS – ISO 14229 An Implementation Perspective

UDS – ISO 14229 An Implementation Perspective

 What is UDS?
 What is the Goal of UDS?
 What are the Different Services UDS has?
 How can we use the services in UDS?
 What is NRC?
 Where is the Application of UDS?
 Introduction of ECU
 A computer system that is embedded into an piece of equipment or a
machine to control it.
 Embedded systems are applied to most electric/ electronic equipment,
recently.
 ECU is any embedded system that controls one or more of the electrical
system or subsystems in a transport vehicle.
 The first electronics pieces were used to control engine functions and were
referred to as Engine Control Units (ECU).
 A modern car may have up to 100 ECUs and a commercial vehicle up to 40.
ECU consists of:
o Microcontrollers o Controls the functionalities of
vehicle as per the inputs from
oSensors sensors placed at different places
oPower switches inside vehicle.
oActuators o ECUs are used for energy saving,
low emission, safety, convenience,
oVoltage regulators entertainment etc..
Overview of Electronic System of a Modern Vehicle
Automotive - ECU
 Unified Diagnostic Services UDS

 What is UDS?
The Unified Diagnostic Services (UDS) Protocol is a communication protocol in the automotive
field, developed based on the idea of Keyword Protocol (KWP2000 [3]) to fulfill common
requirements for diagnostic systems on CAN buses. The commands in UDS are divided into six
groups according to their functionalities described in the following sections.
 UDS – Functional Units
UDS Protocol
The Unified Diagnostic Services (UDS) Protocol is a
communication protocol in the automotive field,
developed based on the idea of Keyword Protocol
(KWP2000 [3]) to fulfill common requirements for
diagnostic systems on CAN buses. The commands in UDS
are divided into six groups according to their
functionalities described in the following sections.
1. Diagnostic & Communication Management Functional Unit(DCM)
It specifies the ECU functionality, manages the diagnostic system, defines the user
accessibility, controls the transmission of data etc
2. Data Transmission Functional Unit (DT)
It has the capability of accessing current data. Data must be read or written immediately after
each request
3. Stored Data Transmission Functional Unit,
This group of functional unit allows Diagnostic tools to access the server’s memory. The
diagnostic tools can clear or read diagnostic information defined by the server’s database inside
memory.
 UDS Functional Unit Contd.

 Input Output Control Functional Unit

It controls actuators, sensors, devices and equipment attached to the server. All of those inputs
and outputs must be defined as Data Identifiers by OEM, Vehicle Manufacturer, etc., following the
ISO standard.
 Remote Activation of Routines Functional Unit
It is having set of service that influences an ECU’s behavior. In order to use this service, the
routine identifier must be defined first by the vehicle manufacturer, the ISO standard, system
supplier, etc.
 Upload Download Functional Unit
These command are used for requesting the negotiation of data transfer between a client and a
server. This functional group contains services for requesting to start the transmission to
manipulate data in an ECU’s memory, for transferring data and for requesting to terminate a data
transmission.
UDS – An example
The control system is created for controlling
a combustion engine. It has a capability to
generate Diagnostic Trouble Codes (DTCs) if
there was detected a malfunction. These
DTCs provide status information of an
engine. The DTCs are used by repairers or
technicians for maintaining and diagnosing
an engine. However, the repairer and
technician must not have the capability to
access the control system itself. Therefore,
the diagnostic system is created to limit the
access rights. The diagnostic system must
provide complete information of a DTC and
some part of the control system for
calibrating purpose
Automotive Software-What Next for us

OT
A
 UDS – Network

Communication across the ECUs takes place as it happens

in normal network.ECU network gate highways
 UDS – Transport Protocols

Communication across the ECUs takes place as it happens in normal

network following the OSI layer protocols.There is proper ECU
defined network
Relationship between UDS and AUTOSAR
 What is the Goal of UDS?

 Automotive diagnostic service is the way to

discover, what’s wrong with the vehicle if it is not
running / behaving properly.

 Diagnosing a vehicles problem in order to fix or

repair a car can be done through a professional
automobile diagnostic center. Diagnostic Service
uses the read command for retrieving the
information/data from ECU .
 Diagnostic Session?

 Sessions:
Diagnostic session is the basis of
communication between the ECU and the diagnostic
tool.

Default Session
Programming Session
Extended Diagnostic Session
 What is the Service ?

 Service:
Information exchange initiated by a
client in order to require diagnostic information
from a server or/and to modify its behaviour for
diagnostic purpose
which allow a diagnostic tester (client) to control
diagnostic functions in an on-vehicle Electronic
Control Unit (ECU, server).
Example : electronic fuel injection, automatic gear
box, anti-lock braking system, etc.
 What is Diagnostic Data?

 Diagnostice Data:
Diagnostic data that is located in the memory of an electronic control
unit{ECU)which may be inspected or modified by the tester.
Example of Diagnostic Data:vehicle speed, throttle
angle, mirror position, system status, etc
 Three types of values are defined for diagnostic data:
Current Value
The value currently used by the normal operation of the
Electroic Control Unit(ECU).
 The Stored Value
An internal copy of the current value, this copy is made under
the control of the electronic control (ECU) unit.
 Static Value: e.g. VIN.
 What is NRC?

Negative Response Code :

0x11 ServiceNotSupported
0x12 Sub-functionNotSupported
0x13 IncorrectMessageLengthorInvalidFormat
0x14 ResponseTooLong
0x22 ConditionNotCorrect
0x31 requestOutOfRange
0x33 SecurityAccessDenied
 Diagnostic Services

 Deaignostic Services
Diagnotic Session Control - 0x10
ECUReset – 0x11
Security Access – 0x27
Communication Control – 0x28
TesterPresent – 0x3E
ControlDTCSetting – 0x85
ReadDataByIdentifier – 0x22
WriteDataByIdentifier – 0x2E
 Diagnostic Session Control
Diagnostic Session Control
Used to enable different diagnostic sessions in
one ECU or a group of ECUs.
Diagnostic Session Control - Responses
Diagnostic Session Control Positive Response
message frame:

Diagnostic Session Control Negative Response

message frame:
Diagnostic Session Control – State Transition at Servier

1. Default session
2 Other session
3 Same or other
session
4 Default session
ECU Reset Service - Request Message Definition
ECU Reset- Responses
 ECU Reset Positive Response message frame

 ECU Reset Negative Response message frame

Security Access
Security Access
 Security Access - Responses
Security Access Negative Response message
frame:
Example : server is in a “locked” state but want to
communicate with Client
 Security Access request message :

 Security Access positive response:

 Example : server is in a “locked” state but want to
communicate with Client
Security Access request message :

Security Access positive response message :

 Communication Messages
 Communication Control request message :

 Communication Control positive response message :

 Communication Messages

 Communication Control Negative Response message Flow

 Tester Present
 Tester Present request message flow

 Tester Present positive response message flow

 Tester Present
 Tester Present Negative Response message Flow
 ControlDTCSetting

 ControlDTCSetting request message flow :

 ControlDTCSetting positive response message flow :

 ControlDTCSetting

ReadDataByIdentifier :
ReadDataByIdentifier positive response message flow :
Read Data By Identifier Negative Response message Flow
Flow
 WriteDataByIdentifier

WriteDataByIdentifier request message flow

 WriteDataByIdentifier
WriteDataByIdentifier positive response message flow :

WriteDataByIdentifier negative response message flow :

Thank You
What are your next steps?

4
• UDS Design document
3

• UDS Sample coding

2

• Unit Testing & Unit Testing Tools 1

• SCM,Design Pattern & other tools