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Introduction To Mathematical Modeling

The document provides an introduction to mathematical modeling, outlining what mathematical modeling is, the objectives it can achieve such as developing scientific understanding and aiding decision making, classifications of models including deterministic and stochastic models, the stages of modeling including building, studying, testing and using models, and an overview of system analysis including using flow diagrams and choosing mathematical equations to represent systems.

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Cang Camungao
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175 views9 pages

Introduction To Mathematical Modeling

The document provides an introduction to mathematical modeling, outlining what mathematical modeling is, the objectives it can achieve such as developing scientific understanding and aiding decision making, classifications of models including deterministic and stochastic models, the stages of modeling including building, studying, testing and using models, and an overview of system analysis including using flow diagrams and choosing mathematical equations to represent systems.

Uploaded by

Cang Camungao
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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INTRODUCTION TO

MATHEMATICAL MODELING
IT 223 | BSIT 2-1 | 7:00 – 10:00 M & 10:00 – 12:00 T
TOPIC OUTLINE
• What is mathematical modeling?
• What objectives can modeling achieve?
• Classifications of models
• Stages of modeling
• Systems analysis
WHAT IS MATHEMATICAL
MODELING
Models describe our beliefs about how the world functions.
mathematical modelling translate those beliefs into the language of
mathematics. This has many advantages
1. Mathematics is a very precise language. This helps us to formulate ideas
and identify underlying assumptions.
2. Mathematics is a concise language, with well-defined rules for
manipulations.
3. All the results that mathematicians have proved over hundreds of years
are at our disposal.
4. Computers can be used to perform numerical calculations.
WHAT OBJECTIVES CAN
MODELING ACHIEVE?
Mathematical modelling can be used for a number of different reasons.
How well any particular objective is achieved depends on both the state of
knowledge about a system and how well the modelling is done. Examples of
the range of objectives are:

1. Developing scientific understanding


2. Test the effect of changes in a system;
3. Aid decision making, including
3.1 Tactical decisions by managers
3.2 Strategic decisions by planners.
CLASSIFICATION OF MODELS
When studying models, it is helpful to identify broad categories of models.
Classification of individual models into these categories tells us immediately some of
the essentials of their structure.
One division between models is based on the type of outcome they predict.
Deterministic models ignore random variation, and so always predict the same
outcome from a given starting point. On the other hand, the model may be more
statistical in nature and so may predict the distribution of possible outcomes. Such
models are said to be stochastic.

A model which uses a large amount of theoretical information generally describes


what happens at one level in the hierarchy by considering processes at lower levels
these are called mechanistic models, because they take account of the mechanisms
through which changes occur. In empirical models, no account is taken of the
mechanism by which changes to the system occur. Instead, it is merely noted that
they do occur, and the model tries to account quantitatively for changes associated
with different conditions.
CLASSIFICATION OF MODELS
STAGES OF MODELING
It is helpful to divide up the process of modelling into four broad
categories of activity, namely building, studying, testing and use.
Although it might be nice to think that modelling projects progress
smoothly from building through to use, this is hardly ever the case. In
general, defects found at the studying and testing stages are corrected
by returning to the building stage. Note that if any changes are made to
the model, then the studying and testing stages must be repeated.

A pictorial representation of potential


routes through the stages of modelling is:
SYSTEM ANALYSIS
1. Flow diagrams are a visual aid to this end. In their most basic form,
they consist of a series of boxes linked by a network of arrows. The boxes
represent physical entities which are present in the system, whilst the arrows
represent the way these entities inter-relate. Commonly used symbols in flow
diagrams are:
✷ state or level variables source or sink
→ channel of material flow
channel of information flow
✶ control on rate of flow
SYSTEM ANALYSIS
2. Choosing mathematical equations

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