Manipulative

Therapies
By Team 4: Sletta Mata and Sara Campos

Instructor: Jorge Melendez

Class: Alternative Health Care
 ● Osteopathy
● Cranial Osteopathy
● Massage
● Myotherapy
Types of ●
●
Reflexology
Zone Therapy

Manipulative ●
●
Metamorphic Technique
Rolfing
● Therapeutic Touch
Therapies ● Biodynamic CranioSacral
Therapy
● Trager Psychophysical
What are they and what
Integration
are their benefits?

Slides Done By: Sara

OSTEOPATHY

What is Osteopathy?

“A traditional medical system

originally based on the premise
that manipulation of the muscles
and bones to promote structural
integrity could restore or
preserve health.”
(Synovitz & Larson, 2013, p. 118)
CRANIAL
OSTEOPATHY
What is Cranial Osteopathy?

“A very gentle and subtle

treatment, which seeks to
encourage the release of stresses
and tensions throughout the
body.”
("What is Cranial Osteopathy?", 2014)
MASSAGE THERAPY

What is Massage Therapy?

“Manual manipulation of soft

body tissues (muscle, connective
tissue, tendons, and ligaments)
to enhance a person’s health and
well-being.”
("7 insights to be a massage therapist",
2019)
MYOTHERAPY

What is Myotherapy?

“A form of physical therapy used

to treat or prevent soft tissue
pain and restricted joint
movement caused by muscle or
myofascia dysfunction”
(Department of Health & Human Services,
2014)
REFLEXOLOGY

What is Reflexology?

“A form of massage that

involves applying pressure to
points on the feet, hands, and
ears.”
(Synovitz & Larson, 2013, p. 118)
ZONE THERAPY

What is Zone Therapy?

“Precise, directed
pressure to the various
‘zones’ of the feet.”
(Therapy, n.d.)
METAMORPHIC
TECHNIQUE
What is Metamorphic
Technique?

“Involves lightly stroking

points on the feet, hands and
head which corresponds to
our time in the womb where
patterns that shape and
challenge us later on first
begin”
(Dickson, 2019)
ROLFING

What is Rolfing?

“A system of soft tissue

manipulation and movement
education that organizes the Before Rolfing After ten sessions Eight months
after session ten
whole body in gravity”
(Rolfing, 2019)
THERAPEUTIC
TOUCH
What is Therapeutic Touch?

“A practice derived from an

ancient technique called
laying on of hands.”
(Jr, "Definition of Therapeutic touch", 2019)
BIODYNAMIC
CRANIOSACRAL
THERAPY
What is Biodynamic
CranioSacral Therapy?

“A subtle and gentle entire

body approach to the human
experience”
(“What is Biodynamic Craniosacral
Therapy?”)
TRAGER
PSYCHOPHYSICA
L INTEGRATION
What is Trager Psychophysical
Integration?

“A combination of hands-on
tissue mobilization, relaxation,
and movement reeducation
called Mentastics. ”
(“Trager Psychophysical Integration.”
Accessed September 4, 2019.
https://medical-
dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/Trager
psychophysical integration.)
 “Historically, manipulation can trace its
origins from parallel developments in
many parts of the world where it was
used to treat a variety of
musculoskeletal conditions, including
spinal disorders. It is acknowledged
that spinal manipulation is and was
History of Manipulative widely practised in many cultures and
often in remote world communities
Therapy such as by the Balinese of Indonesia,
the Lomi-Lomi of Hawaii, in areas of
Japan, China and India, by the shamans
of Central Asia, by sabodors in Mexico,
by bone setters of Nepal as well as by
bone setters in Russia and Norway”
(Pettman, 2007).
The History of Osteopathy and Cranial Osteopathy
★ “Dr. Still found that when he was able to restore the musculoskeletal system
to normal motion, the imbalances resolved and health was restored. Dr. Still
broke from conventional medicine when he decried the widespread practice
of purging, leeching and using poisonous medications such as mercury and
arsenic. For his efforts he was ostracized from the medical profession.
Undeterred Dr. Still spent years developing a healing science that could
restore normal function and freedom of tissues and circulation through a
practitioner’s sensitive manual diagnosis and manipulation of tissues and
fluid” (Pelkey, n.d.).
★ “William Garner Sutherland, DO (1873-1954), discovered, developed and
taught Cranial Osteopathy in the early to mid-1900s. Dr. Sutherland referred
to his discovery as “Osteopathy in the Cranial Field” (OCF). He never failed to
emphasize that the Cranial Concept was only an extension of, not separate
from, Dr. Still’s science of osteopathy” (Pelkey, n.d.).
The History of Massage and Myotherapy

Myotherapy
Massage
“Physical treatment for damaged
“In the traditional Indian system of
muscles was known simply as ‘soft
medicine, Ayurveda, great emphasis
tissue therapy’ until Bonnie Prudden,
was placed on the therapeutic
an American health and fitness
benefits of massage. Egyptian tomb
practitioner coined the term
paintings depict people being
‘Myotherapy’. However, Dr Janet
massaged. In Europe, massage was
Travell (in conjunction with Dr David
an important practice of the Roman
Simons and Desmond Tivy), was the
Empire. In the sixteenth century,
pioneering practitioner in the field of
doctors in France praised massage
Myotherapy in the USA throughout
as a treatment for many ailments”
the 1970s” (Inner Outer Health,
(Synovitz & Larson, 2013).
2015).
The History of Reflexology and Zone Therapy

“Reflexology techniques can be traced back 5,000 years to ancient

Egypt, India, and China. During the time of the Egyptian Sixth Dynasty
(2323 to 2150 bce) a high-ranking official, Ankhmahor, was buried in
the ancient burial ground at Saqqara. Pictographs display multiple
scenes of people undergoing medical treatment and work on the hands
and feet. Another Egyptian pictograph was found in the temple of Amon
at Karnak, which was built during Ramses II’s reign (1279 to 1213 bce),
and depicts a “healer tending to the feet of foot soldiers at the battle of
Qadesh”” (Synovitz & Larson, pg. 188, 2013).
The History of Metamorphic Technique and Rolfing
Metamorphic Technique Rolfing
“The Metamorphic Technique has evolved “Dr. Rolf posed this fundamental
from reflexology, through the work of question: "What conditions must be
Robert St John, a well known naturopath. fulfilled in order for the human body-
During the 1960's he discovered that he
could bring about significant changes by
structure to be organized and
using what he termed "Metamorphosis". integrated in gravity so that the
He had become dissatisfied with his whole person can function in the
general naturopathic practice because he most optimal and economical way?"
had come to recognise that we create our Her life's work was devoted to this
own stresses, which then causes our investigation which led to the system
illnesses. His current methods of of soft tissue manipulation and
treatment did nothing to alter the
underlying patterns of internal stresses,
movement education that we now
and therefore the results he achieved call Rolfing®” (Dr. Ida Rolf Institute,
were temporary” (Duncan Harley n.d.).
Consultancy Services, n.d.).
The History of Therapeutic Touch and Biodynamic CranioSacral
Therapy
Therapeutic Touch Biodynamic CranioSacral
“Many healthcare professionals use Therapy
Therapeutic Touch in conjunction “Outside of the osteopathic
with traditional medicine, as well as community, Dr. John Upledger began
osteopathic, chiropractic, to teach something he called
naturopathic, and homeopathic CranioSacral Therapy in the 1970’s.
therapies” (Wiegand, n.d.). Dr. Upledger brought this work out in
a particular form and framework. His
endeavors have been paramount in
the creation of a defined craniosacral
profession and practice outside of
the osteopathic framework” (Lee,
n.d.).
The History of Trager Psychophysical Integration

“Milton would apply his approach with everyone who was open to experiencing it.
People with emphysema, asthma, multiple sclerosis, muscular dystrophy, polio
and thousands of painful backs--all responded to his touch with degrees of
benefit ranging from greater ease to the miraculous” (Trager.com, n.d.).
 REFERENC
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