ZigBee

ZigBee Based
Based Wireless
Wireless Sensor
Sensor Networks
Networks
and
and Its
Its Applications
Applications in
in Industrial
Industrial
Shizhuang
ShizhuangLin,
Lin,Jingyu
JingyuLiu
Liuand
andYanjun
YanjunFang
Fang
Department
Departmentof ofAutomation
Automation
Wuhan
WuhanUniversity
University
(IEEE
(IEEEInternational
InternationalConference
Conferenceon onAutomation
Automationand
andLogistics,
Logistics,
Aug.
Aug.2007)
2007)

Date : Oct. 31 2007

Sung-joo Lee
[email protected]

DP&NM Lab., GSIT, POSTECH

EECE702, 2007 - 1/32- DPNM Lab.
 Outline
 Introduction - What is ZigBee?

 ZigBee Technology

 WSN Based on ZigBee

 Nodes Design

 Industrial Applications

 Conclusions

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 What is ZigBee?
 Technological Standard Created for Control and Sensor N
etworks

 Based on the IEEE 802.15.4 Standard

 Created by the ZigBee Alliance

 Named for erratic, zig-zagging patterns of bees between f

lowers

 Symbolizes communication between nodes in a mesh net

work

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 IEEE 802.15.4 & ZigBee In Context

Application Customer

API – “the software”

– Network, Security &
Security Application layers
32- / 64- / 128-bit encryption ZigBee
Alliance – Brand management
Network
IEEE 802.15.4
Star / Mesh / Cluster-Tree
– “the hardware”
MAC – Physical & Media Access
IEEE
Control layers
PHY 802.15.4
868MHz / 915MHz / 2.4GHz
For ZigBee alliances of companies
Silicon Stack App worked to develop specs so that the commercial
potential of the standards could be realized

Source: http://www.zigbee.org/resources/documents/IWAS_presentation_Mar04_Designing_with_802154_and_zigbee.ppt

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 The Wireless Landscapes

The quick, short text transmission!

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 ZigBee and Other Wireless Technologies

Source: http://www.zigbee.org/en/about/faq.asp

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 ZigBee Aims
 Low data rate
 Low power consumption
 Small packet devices

ZigBee should be widely used in

 Building automation
 Personal healthcare
 Consumer electronics
 PC & its peripherals
 Industrial control
 Residential/light
 Commercial control

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 ZigBee Frequencies

 Operates in Unlicensed Bands

 ISM 2.4 GHz Global Band at 250kbps

 868 MHz European Band at 20kbps

 915 MHz North American Band at 40kbps

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 Wireless Sensor Network(WSN)

 Some
The random
limitations
distributed
are exposed
small nodes
: with sensors, the
data processing unit and the connection module
 constitute network through a self-organizing way
Sensor nodes’ number, ability of communication, Power s
 By theand
upply sensor’s
abilitydetecting with hot, infrared, sonar, and
of data processing
radar, nodes survey and send the data to the sink nodes
using the multi-hop communication.
 So, ZigBee was improved to solve these problems
 Finally, data of the entire area are transferred to the long-
distance centers.

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 ZigBee’ s Topology
 Topology
– Star
– Cluster Tree
– Mesh
 Network coordinator, routers, end devices
 States of operation
– Active
– Sleep
 Nodes
– Full Function Nodes (FFN)
– Reduced Function Nodes (RFN)
 Modes of operation
– Beacon
– Non-beacon
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 ZigBee’ s Topology(Contd.)

 ZigBee
Characteristics
supportsofboth
Star star
Network
topology and
 Characteristics
mesh topology of Mesh Network
- One
 In the
central
meshrouting
topology,
andthecontrol
FFN in the -network
Multiplemay
datacommunicate
path without
pointaid of the network coordinator - Multi-hop
the
- Single-hop-point
 Based on the flexible
to multi-hop
topology, ZigBee- Self
network overcomes
configuring and barriers to wi
self healing
point adoption of reliability and using simplification
reless
- All
 Bydata
virtue
flows
of multi-hop
through central
capability, ZigBee can cover very wide area (e.g. i
point
ndustry, building)
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 New WSN System with ZigBee nodes (NWSNS)

 Based on the ZigBee’ flexibility and reliability to consumm

ate the WSN system, they proposed a new ZigBee nodes

based WSN system (NWSNS) structure.

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 New WSN System with ZigBee nodes(NWSNS)

 The physical layer, data link layer, and the network layer wholly take

over the definitions of the corresponding layers in ZigBee

 The transport layer and the application layer partly adopt the function

al definitions of the corresponding layers in ZigBee

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 Physical layer of NWSNS

 Three radio bands are defined :

- Global use : ISM 2.4 GHz Global Band at 250kbps
- USA and Australia : 915 MHz North American Band at 40k
bps
- Europe : 868 MHz European Band at 20kbps

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 Data link layer of NWSNS

 The data link layer is controlling access to the shared

radio channel.
 It generates and recognizes the addresses, verifies the
frame check sequences.

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 Network layer of NWSNS

 The network layer is managing the network structure and

handles routing and security functions for the relayed
messages.
 The WSN network is a dynamic network and the network
layer needs to maintain the information about the nodes
within the network.
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 Transport layer of NWSNS

 This layer is needed when the system is planned to be ac

cessed through Internet or other external networks
 It should be partly adopt the functional definitions of ZigB
ee, such as whether the device is FFN or RFN, network se
curity functions and the responds and actions to the syste
m events
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 Application layer of NWSNS

 The application layer remained all th edefinition of the traditi

onal WSN system
 Three possible application layer protocols :
- Sensor management protocol (SMP)
- Task assignment and data advertisement protocol (TADAP)
- Sensor query and data dissemination protocol (SQDDP)
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 Node Design - H/W
 Traditional WSN node design

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 Node Design - H/W (contd.)
 Structure of the new WSN nodes

 Data transfer unit, process unit, data acquisition unit and power unit p

arts are remained

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 Node Design - H/W (contd.)
 Structure of the new WSN nodes

 The data transfer unit

- The ZigBee module is embedded to match the MAC layer and the NET
layer of the ZigBee protocol
- The ZigBee unit should be dynamically configured and switched into th
e resting module to save the power

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 Node Design - H/W (contd.)
 Structure of the new WSN nodes

 Some integrated solutions for the ZigBee transfer unit

- Many ZigBee protocol chips which integrated the CPU, RF transceiver,
net protocol and the RAM
- Based on the chips, many module for the ZigBee protocol is provided a
nd the ZigBee transfer unit could be easily designed based on the mod
ules

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 Node Design - H/W (contd.)
 Structure of the new WSN nodes

 The data acquisition unit

- An optional controller is designed to build up a closed loop for the diffe
rent tasks
- Based on the new WSN nodes’ design, a close loop WSN network with
control function is realized

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 Node Design - S/W
 The software design includes the communication software and the a

pplication software

 The communication software

– Defined by the ZigBee transfer unit in a large scale

 To be a steady system

– The application software that materializes the WSN’s functions is the m

ost important part

 In the software design of the nodes, TinyOS is a good tool

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 TinyOS
 An open-source operating system designed for wireless embedded s
ensor networks
 A component-based architecture which enables rapid innovation an
d implementation while minimizing code size as required by the sev
ere memory constraints inherent in sensor network

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 TinyOS (contd.)
 Based on the TonyOS, a full configurarion of the nodes of NWSNS is

composed by a scheduler and a series of components

 The TinyOS have provided the universal components (such as main

components) and some data communication and acquisition compo

nents, which separate the users and the hardware ground

 The users just need to program the components of the user applica

tion layer

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 TinyOS (contd.)
 Two types of components in an application

– Modules

– Configurations

 Modules provide application code, implementing one or more interfac

e

 Configurations are used to assemble other components together, con

necting interfaces used by components to interfaces provided by othe
rs -> Wiring

 Every application is described by a top-level configuration that wires

together the components inside

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 Industrial Applications
 For its reliability and flexibility, the NWSNS has much more
vast range of prospect than the traditional WSN system

 In an industrial application, there are some characteristics d

esired for a wireless data networks :
– Range : At least 50m range is required in industrial RF environmen
t. ZigBee is designed 10~100m range

– Data rate : In industrial sensing and control applications required d

ata rates vary widely by application but are often low and intermitte
nt. The NWSNS should be improved for ZigBee’s shortage on high ra
te transmission
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 Industrial Applications (contd.)
– Network latency : It should be possible to tune the network availability or

response to the application requirement at the end-node to optimize perfor

mance. ZigBee nodes need to wake up very quickly, transmit and/or receive

and go back to sleep

– Power profile : ZigBee has been developed specifically to permit low powe

r consumption and years of battery life

– Security : ZigBee has security built in 802.15.4 specifies use of the 128-bit

advanced encryption standard

– Operating Frequency : Operated in one of the unlicenced bands for oper

ating cost and regulatory reasons. ZigBee supports most of the widely used

unlicensedISM bands around the world

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 Industrial Applications (contd.)
– Networktopology : Multiple-hops make network traffic more complex but
will increase the network resilience and reliability

– Number of devices : In most real industrial area, hundreds and thousand o

f devices could be required. ZigBee have a great capability to address the sp
ectrum of industrial situations

– Flexibility : Attached and implemented for different device types without a l

ot of device-specific requirements. ZigBee is flexible and can carry and type o
f data

– Resilience and reliability : During the network implementation it should b

e possile to design out unnecessary single points of failure. ZigBee is perfect
due to data packet Ack, CSMA-CA, encryption, mesh multi-path transmission

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 Conclusion
 ZigBee technology is a new wireless protocol that widely used various

areas for its performance in reliability, power profile, capability, flexib

ility and cost. So it is significant to embed the ZigBee into WSN syste

m that widely applied now

 In this paper, they proposed a new node designed that integrate the

WSN nodes and ZigBee module together

 The realization and application of the NWSNS in industrial need much

more experiment and test. But all of the characteristic have shown th

at the NWSNS will have a vast range of prospects

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 Questions?

Thank you!

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