World Peace can be attained through UNO
1
United Nations
Organization
Chapter 5 – Global Governance
The Contemporary World – J. Alindayo 2
What is the UN?
- an international organization
designed to make the enforcement
of international law, security,
human rights, economic and social
progress easier for countries
around the world
- 193 member countries
- headquarters in New York City
3
New York, USA; Nairobi, Kenya; Vienna, Austria; The
Hague, Netherlands; and Geneva, Switzerland 4
History of the UN
- the League of Nations was the
predecessor to the UN, it was founded
in 1919 and was responsible for
ensuring peace and cooperation
between world nations
- the term ‘’United Nations’’ was coined
in 1942 by Winston Churchill and
Franklin D. Roosevelt
5
6
History of the UN
The United Nations is made up of 193
countries from around the world. It is often
called the UN.
It was set up on October 24, 1945, at San
Francisco, after the Second World War, as
a way of bringing people together and to
avoid further wars.
It started with 51 countries.
7
4 Basic Principles
1. Maintain international peace and security
2. Develop friendly relations among nations
3. Cooperate in solving international problems
and promote respect for human rights and
promote respect for human rights
4. Be the center for harmonizing the actions of
member countries/state
8
9
10
ECONOMIC
GENERAL SECURITY AND SOCIAL
ASSEMBLY COUNCIL COUNCIL
(ECOSOC)
United Nations
Organization
TRUSTEESHIP INTERNATIONAL
COUNCIL COURT OF JUSTICE
SECRETARIAT
11
The General Assembly
- main function: assessing
member countries and
deciding on the budget
- the only organ where
every member state is
represented
- consists of committees
12
The General Assembly
This is the main decision-making and
representative assembly and is
responsible for upholding the
principles of the UN through its policies
and recommendations. It is composed
of all member states, is headed by a
president elected from the member
states, and meets from September to
December each year.
13
The Secretariat
- includes the Secretary General and
the Secretariat staff
- Its main responsibility is providing
studies, information, and other
data when needed by other UN
branches for their meetings.
- the Secretary General holds office for
five years per term
- The first ever Secretary General was
Trygve Lie, the office is currently
held by Ban Ki-moon 14
The Security Council
- responsibility for the
maintenance of international
peace and security. UN’s most
powerful organ
- deals with threats to international
peace and security
- has 15 members, It is composed of five
permanent members and 10 rotating members. 5
of which are permanent: the USA, China, Russia,
Britain and France
- permanent members have veto power when the
Council decides on important issues 15
The Security Council
- It can authorize the
deployment of UN
member states' militaries,
can mandate a cease-fire
during conflicts and can
enforce penalties on
countries if they do not
comply with given
mandates.
16
Economic and Social Council (ECOSOC)
The Economic and Social Council assists the General
Assembly in promoting economic and social
development as well as the cooperation of member
states.
empowered to recommend international action on
economic and social issues; promote universal
respect for human rights; and work for global
cooperation on health, education, and cultural and
related areas.
ECOSOC conducts studies; formulates resolutions,
recommendations, and conventions for
consideration by the General Assembly; and
coordinates the activities of various UN programs
17
and specialized agencies.
The International Court of Justice
- the principal judicial organ of the UN for
international disputes
- based in The Hague, Netherlands
- consists of 15 judges elected by the General
Assembly and Security Council
- not bound by precedents
18
THE TRUSTEESHIP COUNCIL
designed to supervise the government of trust
territories and to lead them to self-government
or independence.
established on the premise that colonial
territories taken from countries defeated in war
should not be annexed by the victorious
powers but should be administered by a trust
country under international supervision until
their future status was determined.
In 1994, the council terminated its operations.
19
Membership
Today, almost every fully recognized
independent state is a member of the UN. To
become a member of the UN, a state must
accept both peace and all obligations
outlined in charter and be willing to carry out
any action to satisfy those obligations. The
final decision on admission to the UN is
carried out by the General Assembly after
recommendation by the Security Council.
20
Functions of the United Nations Today
To maintain peace and security for all of its
member states.
To protect human rights and provide
humanitarian assistance when needed.
Universal Declaration of Human Rights
Provides technical assistance in elections,
helps to improve judicial structures and draft
constitutions trains human rights officials, and
provides food, drinking water, shelter, and
other humanitarian services to peoples
displaced by famine, war, and natural disaster.
21
Functions of the United Nations Today
Plays an integral part in social and economic
development through its UN Development
Program. This is the largest source of technical
grant assistance in the world. In addition, the
World Health Organization; UNAIDS; The Global
Fund to Fight AIDS, Tuberculosis, and Malaria;
the UN Population Fund; and the World Bank
Group, to name a few, play an essential role in
this aspect of the UN. The parent organization
also annually publishes the Human Development
Index to rank countries in terms of poverty,
literacy, education, and life expectancy. 22
Millennium Development Goals (MDGs)
23
24
25
Millennium Development Goals (MDGs)
Most of its member states and various
international organizations agreed to
target goals relating to reducing poverty
and child mortality, fighting diseases and
epidemics, and developing a global
partnership in terms of international
development, by 2015.
26
What are the MDGs ?
MDGs were set by all Government leaders at
the UN Millennium Summit, September 2000)
All UN organisations decided to be guided by
MDGs in their future action: unity of purpose,
coherent action, synergies and strategic
approaches by the UN system as a whole
(guided by CEB)
Leaders pledged to strive, individually and
collectively, towards these goals through
international, regional and national action,
concerted by the UN. 27
Why the MDGs ?
The 1990s: a decade of faltering
progress
progress continued
… but too slowly to reach agreed targets
… and slowing down
Under-5 mortality rate
Maternal mortality rate
Child malnutrition
Water and sanitation
Income poverty
Primary education
MDGs are meant to accelerate progress 28
MDGs: 8 goals
Goal 1. Eradicate extreme poverty and hunger
Goal 2. Achieve universal primary education
Goal 3. Promote gender equality and empower
women
Goal 4. Reduce child mortality
Goal 5. Improve maternal health
Goal 6. Combat HIV/AIDS, malaria and other
diseases
Goal 7. Ensure environmental sustainability
Goal 8. Develop a Global Partnership for
Development
29
MDGs: Key actors
United Nations Development Group
(UNDG) – with UNESCO as a member
Chief Executives Board (CEB; formerly
ACC) – with UNESCO as a member
UN Country Teams
30
31
32
United Nations DPI 33
Another Way to Look at SDGs
United Nations DPI 34
Goal 1: End poverty in
all its forms everywhere
Goal 2: End hunger,
achieve food security
and improved nutrition
and promote sustainable
agriculture
United Nations DPI 35
Goal 3: Ensure healthy
lives and promote well-
being for all at all ages
Goal 4: Ensure inclusive
and quality education
for all and promote
lifelong learning
United Nations DPI 36
Goal 5: Achieve gender
equality and empower all
women and girls
Goal 6: Ensure access
to water and sanitation
for all
United Nations DPI 37
Goal 7: Ensure access to
affordable, reliable,
sustainable and modern
energy for all
Goal 8: Promote inclusive
and sustainable economic
growth, employment and
decent work for all
12 February, 2020 United Nations DPI 38
Goal 9: Build resilient
infrastructure, promote
sustainable industrialization
and foster innovation
Goal 10: Reduce
inequality within and
among countries
12 February, 2020 United Nations DPI 39
Goal 11: Make cities
inclusive, safe, resilient and
sustainable
Goal 12: Ensure
sustainable consumption
and production patterns
12 February, 2020 United Nations DPI 40
Goal 13: Take urgent action
to combat climate change
and its impacts
Goal 14: Conserve and
sustainably use the
oceans, seas and marine
resources
12 February, 2020 United Nations DPI 41
Goal 15: Sustainably
manage forests, combat
desertification, halt and
reverse land degradation,
halt biodiversity loss
Goal 16: Promote just,
peaceful and inclusive
societies
12 February, 2020 United Nations DPI 42
Goal 17: Revitalize the global partnership for
sustainable development
United Nations DPI 43
