CEMENTING
SHARING KNOWLEDGE
Primary Cementing Remedial Cementing (Secondary)
Principle function Principle function
• Isolate oil, gas, water zones • Repair primary cementing
• Restrict fluid movement • Close perforation or non productive zone
• Support casing • Seal off lost circulation zones and gas zone
• Protect casing from corrosion • KOP for whipstocking
• Seal off lost circulation zones • Abandon a zone
• Protect a lower (pay) zone
Type of Primary Cementing : Type of Remedial Cementing :
• Single Stage • Plugs
• Multiple Stage Balance Plug
• Miscellaneous Two-plug method
Top of Surface Casing
Dumb Bailer
Inner String
Cement Retainer
Scab Liner
Kick of Plug
• Squeezes
Bradenhead Method
Key to a good Primary cement job is Mud Removal Bullhead Method
Spotting Method
Key to a good Remedial cement job are Experiences
and Well Data
SQUEEZE CEMENTING
Objective
Repair primary cementing
Close unwanted zone
Close non productive/depleted zone
Close casing leak
Close lost circulation zone
SQUEEZE CEMENTING
Types of Squeezes Pumping Methods of Squeezes
Perforation squeezes Pressure Squeeze
Hesitation method
Top of Liner Squeezes
Running squeeze
Casing Leak squeezes
Shoe squeezes
Open hole squeezes
System of Squeezes Placement Techniques of Squeezes
Bradenhead Method No Tool (Brandenhead)
Using Tool (Bullhead, Spotting)
Bullhead Method
Spotting Method
BRADENHEAD METHOD
(A Squeezed Balanced Plug)
Spot Cement
Pull Work String
Close Annulus
Apply Squeeze Pres.
BULLHEAD METHOD
Casing Pump Casing Pump
500 - 1000 psi 500 - 1000 psi
Pump Cement with Packer Set
Displacement Displace Mud into Formation
Fluid Hold Annulus Pres.
Apply Squeeze Pres.
Cement
Mud or
Displacement
Fluid
SPOTTING METHOD
Casing Pump
500 - 1000 psi
Stab with Packer
Apply Casing Pressure
Displace Cement
Apply Squeeze Pressure
SQUEEZE CEMENTING
Design Slurry
Fluid Loss Control Thickening Time Spacer
Avoid
contamination
cement slurry
with
CF/formation
water to
maintain its
properties (FL,
TT, viscosity)
Compressive Strength
Equipment ID : HPHT UCA_735L Customer: TATELY N.V 500 psi @ 5:32:00
Test Start: 8/27/2013 8:34:13 AM Well ID : Budi-07 CS @ 12 hrs : 1723 psi psi
Volume Slurry
Test Stop: 8/28/2013 8:50:30 AM Algorithm: Compressive strength type B (more than 14 lb/gal) CS @ 24 hrs : 3293 psi psi
400 20 5000
- Casing Volume
360 18 4500
320 16 4000
- Squeeze Volume
280 14 3500
Compressive Strength (psi)
Transit Time (microsec/in)
240 12 3000
Temperature (°F)
Viscosity
200 10 2500
160 8 2000
- Low Viscosity
120 6 1500
80 4 1000
- High Viscosity
40 2 500
0 0 0
0:00 5:00 10:00 15:00 20:00 25:00 30:00
Time (HH:MM)
PLUG CEMENTING
Objective
Lost Circulation
Formation Testing
Zona Isolation
Kick-Off
Abandonment
PLUG CEMENTING
Types of Plug
Dumb Bailer Two Plug Method
Balance Plug
- uses tool “Plug catcher”
- use 2 rubber plugs
- Used Offshore
Kick-Off Plug
Cement Retainer
- P&A
- High losses zone
- Case hole
Parabow
- High losses zone
- Open hole
TEMPERATURE CALCULATION
Temperature Gradient
T.G (deg.F/100 ft)= [BHST (deg.F) – 80 (deg.F) / [depth (ft)/100]
Bottom Hole Circulating Temperature
BHSQT (deg.F) = Temp surf (deg.F) + {[0.0076495 x depth (ft) x T.G (deg.F/100ft)] – 8.2021}
{1 – [0.000008068 x depth (ft)]}
PRESSURE CALCULATION
Pressure Gradient (usually deplete zone)
P.G (Psi/ft)= 0.5 x {1 + [2 x BHP (psi)]/depth (ft)}
Pressure Gradient (usually active zone)
P.G (Psi/ft)= 0.33 x {1 + [BHP (psi)/depth (ft)]}
SQUEEZE VOLUME CALCULATION
Injection Ratio
Injection ratio = (Injection rate in BPM) / (Pump pressure in psi)
LOW INJECTIVITY formation shall be defined as an injection ratio less than or equal to 0.009
A MEDIUM INJECTIVITY formation shall be defined as an injection ratio greater than 0.009 but less than 0.09.
A HIGH INJECTIVITY formation shall be defined as an injection ratio equal to or greater than 0.1 or any well
that takes cement on a vacuum
High Injectivity Formation: the CIF ≥ 0.3 Cuft/ perforation hole and estimate TOC shall
be 50’ above top of squeeze interval.
Medium Injectivity Formation: the CIF range 0.2 - 0.3 Cuft/ perforation hole and
estimate TOC shall be 50’ above top of squeeze interval.
Low Injectivity Formation: the CIF range 0 - 0.2 Cuft/ perforation hole Estimate TOC
shall be 30’ above top of squeeze interval.
Squeeze Vol. (bbl) = [length perforation (ft) x CIF (cuft/shoot) x SPF] x 0.1781 (bbl/cuft)
