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Digital Electronics - Lecture - Set1 Logic Gates

This document discusses an introductory course on logic gates and Boolean algebra. The course objectives are to design control systems using electronic combinational and sequential circuits, as well as programmable solutions like PLCs and DCS. Part 1 covers the basics of logic operations like AND, OR, and NOT. It discusses logic gates, truth tables, timing diagrams, Boolean expressions, and how to implement logic circuits using NAND and NOR gates. DeMorgan's theorem and active high and low levels are also introduced.

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Hassan Rashad
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93 views24 pages

Digital Electronics - Lecture - Set1 Logic Gates

This document discusses an introductory course on logic gates and Boolean algebra. The course objectives are to design control systems using electronic combinational and sequential circuits, as well as programmable solutions like PLCs and DCS. Part 1 covers the basics of logic operations like AND, OR, and NOT. It discusses logic gates, truth tables, timing diagrams, Boolean expressions, and how to implement logic circuits using NAND and NOR gates. DeMorgan's theorem and active high and low levels are also introduced.

Uploaded by

Hassan Rashad
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 24

Logic Gates and Boolean Algebra –

Part 1

1
Course Objectives
Control systems design using:
 Non-programable solutions
 Electronic combinational circuit.
 Electronic Sequential circuit.

2
Course Objectives
Control systems design using:
 Programable solutions
 Microprocessor and Microcontroller.
 PLC (Programable Logic Controller)/
 DCS (Distributed Control Systems).

3
Part 1: Objectives
 Three basic logic operations: AND, OR, NOT
 Operation of logic circuits and construction of truth tables
 Timing diagrams for the various logic-circuit gates
 Boolean expression for the logic circuits
 Implement logic circuits using AND, OR, NOT
 Simplify logic expressions
 DeMorgan’s theorem
 Using NAND or NOR to implement a circuit
 Alternate gate symbols vs. standard logic-gate symbols
 Active high & Active low

4
1-1 Boolean Constants and variables
 Boolean constants and variables are allowed to have only two
possible values, 0 or 1.
 Boolean 0 and 1 do not represent actual numbers but instead
represent the state of a voltage variable, or what is called its
logic level.
 0/1 and Low/High are used most of the time.
 Three Logic operations: AND, OR, NOT
 Logic Gates
 Digital circuits constructed from diodes, transistors, and
resistors whose output is the result of a basic logic
operation(OR, AND, NOT) performed on the inputs.

5
1-2 Truth Tables
 How a logic circuit’s output depends on the logic levels
present at the inputs.

6
1-3 OR Operation with OR gates
 Truth Table and circuit symbol

7
1-3 symbol and truth table for a three-
input OR gate

8
Summary of OR operation
 Produce a result of 1 whenever any input is 1. Otherwise 0.
 An OR gate is a logic circuit that performs an OR operation
on the circuit's input
 The expression x=A+B is read as “x equals A OR B”

9
Example of the use of an OR gate in an
Alarm system

10
Example 2

11
Example3

12
Electrical implementation
 Parallel branches in electrical wiring are equivalent to OR

13
Electrical implementation
 Relays may be used to keep control buttons at low voltage/
currents .

14
Electrical implementation
 Relays can have normally open contacts and normally closed
contacts

15
Electrical implementation
 Relays may be used to
keep control buttons
at low voltage/
currents .

16
Electronic implementation
 Transistor Level

17
Electronic implementation
 Integrated circuit Level: 7432

18
Review Questions
 What is the only set of input conditions that will produce a
LOW output for any OR gate?
 Write the Boolean expression for a six-input OR gate
 If the A input in previous example is permanently kept at the
1 level, what will the resultant output waveform be?

19
1-4 And Operation with And Gates
 Truth Table and Gate symbol

20
Electrical implementation
 Series connection is equivalent to AND

21
Electrical implementation
 Series connection is equivalent to AND

AND
Operation

Is it NOR or
NAND?

22
Electrical implementation
 Series connection is equivalent to AND

23
Summary of the AND operation
 The AND operation is performed the same as ordinary
multiplication of 1s and 0s.
 An AND gate is a logic circuit that performs the AND
operation on the circuit’s inputs.
 An AND gate output will be 1 only for the case when all
inputs are 1; for all other cases the output will be 0.
 The expression x=AB is read as “x equals A AND B.”

24

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