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Mitesh N Doshi, Dept of Instrumentation Technology, Rvce

RS-232 is a standard for serial communication between two devices over short distances. It specifies: - Connections of less than 50 feet using a 25-pin connector - Data transmission represented by voltages between +15V and -15V - A format for transmitting characters using a start bit, 7 data bits, and stop bit with the same timing between devices - Common settings include bits per second, number of data and stop bits, and parity for error checking

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Mitesh Doshi
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120 views22 pages

Mitesh N Doshi, Dept of Instrumentation Technology, Rvce

RS-232 is a standard for serial communication between two devices over short distances. It specifies: - Connections of less than 50 feet using a 25-pin connector - Data transmission represented by voltages between +15V and -15V - A format for transmitting characters using a start bit, 7 data bits, and stop bit with the same timing between devices - Common settings include bits per second, number of data and stop bits, and parity for error checking

Uploaded by

Mitesh Doshi
Copyright
© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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RS-232

Mitesh N Doshi,
Dept of Instrumentation Technology,
RVCE
Why Serial Communications?
Serial communication is the most
simplistic form of communication
between two devices.
It’s what started networking!
So What is RS-232?
RS-232 is a standard by which two
serial devices communicate:
 The connection must be no longer than 50
feet.
 Transmission voltages are –15V and +15V.
 It is designed around transmission of
characters (of 7 bits of length).
RS-232 (cont.)
One important aspect of RS-232 is that
it is an asynchronous form of
communication.
Transmitter and receiver do not explicitly
coordinate each data transmission.
Transmitter can wait arbitrarily long between
transmissions .
Logical Voltages
RS-232 is a little non-intunitave at first.
Logical 1 is –15VDC.
Logical 0 is +15VDC.
When the connection is idle, the
hardware ties the connection to logical
1.
How Can You Transmit Data?
RS-232 communication is dependent on
a set timing speed at which both pieces
of hardware communicate. In other
words, the hardware knows how long a
bit should be high or low.
RS-232 also specifies the use of “start”
and “stop” bits.
Sending One Character
Every time a character is sent, the same
communication occurs:
1. Start bit sent.
2. Seven data bits sent.
3. Stop bit sent.

This communication is dependent on the


fact that both devices are sampling the bits
at the same rate!
Ok, So What’s the Start Bit?
The start bit is a logical 0 sent on the
line to tell the other device to start
sampling.
Remember, the logical 0 is +15VDC.
And the Stop Bit?
The stop bit is a logical 1. –15VDC.
A stop bit is always sent (per RS-232
standards).
To Talk the Talk…
We’ve mentioned that both devices
must have the same speeds to talk, but
they must also know to handle
problems.
The transmission rate of serial devices
is called baud. It is the number of
changes in the signal per second.
A Sample Transmission
Components of standard:

 Connection must be less than 50 feet


 Data represented by voltages between +15v and
-15v
 25-pin connector, with specific signals such as
data, ground and control assigned to designated
pins
 Specifies transmission of characters between, e.g.,
a terminal and a modem
 Transmitter never leaves wire at 0v; when idle,
transmitter puts negative voltage (a 1) on the wire
Common Serial Settings
Most settings are read in the following
form:
 Bits per second
 Number of data bits
 Parity
 Number of Stop bits
Line Sampling & Framing
RS-232 hardware samples the line multiple
times during a single bit transmission.
If the samples do not all have the same
voltage, a framing error occurs.
A framing error should only occur if one
device is sending faster than the other device
is set to receive.
An intentional frame error can be caused by
sending a BREAK.
Wiring RS-232
The RS-232 specification denotes usage of a
25 pin cable, where each pin has a specific
usage.
However, most devices never need to use all
of the pins, so the cabling requirements for
specific devices may vary.
Many common serial devices (modems for
example), use a 9 pin serial connection.
Pin Configuration
Pins
• DCD(Data Carrier Detect)-Tells the computer that the modem is connected by
telephone with another modem. 
• RD(Receive Data)-Data transmitted from the modem to the computer.
• TD(Transmit Data)-Data transmitted from the computer or terminal to the
modem.
• DTR(Data Terminal Ready)-Tells the modem that the computer is turned on
and ready to accept connections.
• SG(Signal Ground)-Reference point for all signal voltages.
• DSR(Data Set Ready)-Tells the computer that the modem is turned on. The
computer should not send the modem commands if this signal is not present.
• RTS(Request to Send)-Tells the modem when it can transmit data. Sometimes
the computer is busy and needs to have the modem wait before the next
character is transmitted
• CTS(Clear to Send)-Tells the computer when it's okay to transmit data.
Sometimes the modem is busy and needs to have the computer wait before
the next character is transmitted.
• RI(Ring Indicator)-Tells the computer that the telephone is ringing.
Connector Types
The two different connectors are
associated with two major types of
hardware
The Computer Terminal Equipment
(CTE) and the Data Terminal Equipment
(DTE).
Connector Types (cont.)
For ease-of-use, a computer will
transmit on pin 2 and receive on pin 3
(the CTE, remember).
Vice versa: a modem will transmit on
pin 3, and receive on pin 2 (for the
DTE).
Speed Limitations (cont.)
However, serial communications between
devices also has its own speed barrier.
RS-232 was designed with the understanding
that the analog world is far from perfect.
Digital is fast, analog is slow. RS-232 is
analog, therefore is it slow (in computing
terms).
Questions??
Thank You

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