Fundamentals

of
Lubrication

INDIAN OIL CORPORATION

LTD
ASPERITIES
3 INDIAN OIL CORPORATION LI
Types of lubrication

 BOUNDARY LUBRICATION
 ELASTO HYDRODYNAMIC LUBRICATION
 HYDRODYNAMIC LUBRICATION
 MIXED FILM LUBRICATION
 Boundary Lubrication

 HIGH ADHESIVENESS  HIGH LUBRICITY OR OILINESS

 HIGH FILM STRENGTH  PROPER VISCOSITY OR CONSISTENCY
 Fluid Film Lubrication

 Excellent chemical stability

 Ability to separate from water , dust and other
contaminants
 Reasonable degree of lubricity, adhesiveness and film
strength
Mixed Film Lubrication
Elasto - Hydrodynamic Lubrication
 LUBRICANT

• Lubricant can be defined as any material, when interposed between

two surfaces in rubbing contact, is capable of reducing friction.

LUBRICANT = BASE OIL + ADDITIVE

 ADDITIVES

Lubricant Additive can be defined as any speciality

chemical which when blended into a base oil,
imparts or modifies its properties.

- Careful balance of both base oils and the

performance enhancing additives goes in
designing a lubricant which is a complex and
complicated task.
FORMULATOR IS A WIZARD OF CHEMISTRY
13 INDIAN OIL CORPORATION LI
Correct lubrication
is RIGHT LUBRICANT

RIGHT PLACE

RIGHT TIME

&

IN RIGHT MANNER

What are the other functions of lubricants ???

 FUNCTIONS OF LUBRICANTS
• Friction & wear control

• Contaminant control

• Corrosion control

• Heat transfer

• Conserves Energy
 LUBE OIL

Anticorrosion

Antioxidant Antifoam

Anti-wear BASE OIL VI Improvers

Detergents &
Dispersants PPDs

Demulsibility
17 INDIAN OIL CORPORATION LI
CLASSIFICATION OF LUBRICATING OILS
CRANKCASE OILS
1. SAE ENGINE OIL CLASSIFICATIONS
2. API ENGINE SERVICE CLASSIFICATIONS
3. ILSAC ENGINE OIL CLASSIFICATION
4. CCMC CLASSIFICATION
5. ACEA CLASSIFICATION
6. US MILITARY SPECIFICATIONS
7. IS SPECIFICSATIONS

GEAR OILS
1. SAE GEAR OIL CLASSIFICATION
2. API SERVICE DESIGNATION
3. U.S MILITARY DESIGNATION
4. UK DEFENCE SPECIFICATIONS
5. IS SPECIFICATIONS
 ENGINE OILS
SAE VISCOSITY GRADES CLASSIFICATION

SAE VISCOSITY LOW TEMP (deg. C) BORDERLINE KIN. VISCOSITY

GRADE VISCOSITY (cP) PUMPING TEMP at 100 deg C
MAX (deg C) MIN MAX
0W 3250 at ( - ) 30 ( - ) 35 3.8 -
5W 3500 at ( - ) 25 ( - ) 30 3.8 -
10W 3500 at ( - ) 20 ( - ) 25 4.1 -
15W 3500 at ( - ) 15 ( - ) 20 5.6 -
20W 4500 at ( - ) 10 ( - ) 15 5.6 -
25W 6000 at ( - ) 5 ( - ) 10 9.3 -
20 - - 5.6 < 9.3
30 - - 9.3 < 12.5
40 - - 12.5 < 16.3
50 - - 16.3 < 21.9
60 - - 21.9 < 26.1
 GEAR OILS
SAE CLASSIFICATIONS

SAE VISCOSITY MIN TEMP (deg C) VISCOSITY at 100 deg C

GRADE FOR VISCOSITY OF (cSts)
150 cP MIN MAX
70W ( - ) 55 4.1 -
75W ( - ) 40 4.1 -
80W ( - ) 26 7.0 -
85W ( - ) 12 11.0 -
90 - 13.5 24
140 - 24.0 41
250 - 41.0 -
 GEAR OIL
API SERVICE CLASSIFICATION

CLASSIFICATION TYPE APPLICATION SERVO' GRADES

GL-1 STRAIGHT MINERAL OIL AUTOMOTIVE MANUAL

TRANSMISSION SERVO GEAR SM
(TRACTORS & TRUCKS)

GL-2 CONTAINS FATTY WORM GEAR DRIVES -

MATERIALS INDUSTRIAL GEAR OIL

GL-3 CONTAINS MILD SPIRAL BEVEL GEARS -

EP ADDITIVES 9NOT WIDELY USED)

GL- 4 MIL - L- 2105 SPEC SPIRAL BEVELS & HYPOID GEARS SERVO GEAR HP
50 % OF GL5 ADDITIVE LEVEL UNDER MODERATE CONDS SERIES

GL - 5 MIL - L- 2105D SPEC

RECOMMENDATION FOR MODERATE AND SEVERE SERVO GEAR
MOST PASSENGER CARS CONDITIONS SUPER SERIES
AND TRUCK BUILDERS

GL-6 TECHNICALLY OBSOLETE FOR SERVICE CONDITIONS REQUIRING

MORE ANTI-SCORING PROTECTION -
THAN PROVIDED BY GL-5
 INDUSTRIAL OILS

International Organisation for Standards

Viscosity grade

ISOVG
CLASSIFICATIONS
 INDUSTRIAL OILS
ISOVG CLASSIFICATIONS

ISO VISCOSITY (cSts) ISO VISCOSITY (cSts)

GRADE RANGE AT 40 deg C GRADE RANGE AT 40 deg C

2 1.98 -2.42 68 61.2 - 74.8

3 2.88 - 3.52 100 90 - 110
5 4.14 - 5.06 150 135 - 165
7 6.12 - 7.48 220 198 - 242
10 9.00 - 11.0 320 288 - 352
15 13.5 - 16.5 460 414 - 506
22 19.8 - 24.2 680 612 - 748
32 28.8 - 35.2 1000 900 - 1100
46 41.4 - 50.6 1500 1350 - 1650
 CLASSIFICATION OF GREASES
BASED ON CONSISTANCY ( NLGI NO)
NLGI ASTM PENITRATION
GRADE 60 STROKES
000 445 - 475
00 400 - 430
0 355 - 385
1 310 - 340
2 265 - 295
3 220 - 250
4 175 - 205
5 130 - 160
6 085 - 115
AS NLGI GRADE DECREASES, GREASE WILL BE SOFTER
 DIFFERENT OILS

 AUTOMOTIVE OILS
 INDUSTRIAL OILS
 SPECIALITY OILS
 GREASES
 TRANSFORMER OILS

26 INDIAN OIL CORPORATION LI

 OILS BEING USED

 ENGINEOIL-CF4/ CH4
 HYDRAULICOILS -SYSTEM OILS
 RAILROAD OILS
 AUTO-HYDRAULIC OILS- ULTRA SERIES
 GEAR OILS- MESH , SYNTHETIC, MESH
PLUS
 TURBINE OILS- PRIME SERIES

27 INDIAN OIL CORPORATION LI

 OILS BEING USED-

 GREASES – GEM SERIES

 GENERAL MCHINERY-LUBREX 22
 FIRERESISTANT-HFB68/ HFDU68

28 INDIAN OIL CORPORATION LI

 FUNCTIONS OF ENGINE OIL

 REDUCE FRICTIONAL RESISTANCE

 PROTECT AGAINST CORROSION & WEAR
 ASSIST SEALING
 ACT AS A COOLANT
 KEEP THE SLUDGE IN SUSPENSION

29 INDIAN OIL CORPORATION LI

 ENGINE PARTS LUBRICATED

 main bearings
 connecting rod bearings
 cylinders, pistons and rings
 camshaft bearings
 cams and valve tappets
 timing gears
 valve gears

30 INDIAN OIL CORPORATION LI

 ENGINE LUBRICATION SYSTEM
 one or more oil pumps
 outlet relief valves
 internal and external ducts for conveying the
oil under pressure to the points requiring
lubrication.
 oil filteration system
 oil cooling system

31 INDIAN OIL CORPORATION LI

 Engine Principles and Layout

Rocker Arm

Valve
Push Rod

Valve Lifter
Camshaft

Cams

Timing Gears

APR1 19
32 INDIAN OIL CORPORATION LI
 Engines and Lubrication
Approximate Temperature of Internal Surfaces

Area of the Engine Temperature Range (OC)

Exhaust Valve Head 650-730

Exhaust Valve Stem 635-675
Combustion Chamber Gases 2300-2500
Combustion Chamber Wall 204-260
Piston Crown 204-426
Piston Rings 149-315
Piston (Wrist) Pin 120-230
Piston Skirt 93-204
Top Cylinder Wall 93-371
Bottom Cylinder Wall Up to 149
Main Bearings Up to 177
Connecting Rod Bearings 93-204

33 INDIAN OIL CORPORATION LI

 ENGINE LUBRICATION
MECHANISM
 thick film lubrication (bearings)

 mixed film lubrication (piston skirt)

 boundary lubrication (top ring zone area)

34 INDIAN OIL CORPORATION LI

 Performance Categories
API Performance Categories for
Diesel Engine Oils
Category Service Definition
CI-4 2002 Low Emission, Four Stroke Engine
with EGR and Low Sulfur Fuel
Heavy CH-4 1998 Low Emission, Four Stroke Engine
Duty Both High and Low Sulfur Fuel
CG-4 1994 Low Emission, Four-Stroke Engines
Using 0.05% Sulfur Fuel
CF-4 1991 Low Emission Engines
CF-2 Severe Duty Two-Stroke Cycle Engines
CF Turbocharged Engines or High Sulfur Fuel

Obsolete CE 1983 and Later Turbocharged Engines

CD-II Two-Stroke Cycle Engines
CD Turbocharged Engines or High Sulfur Fuel
CC Moderate Duty - Diesel and Gasoline
CB Moderate Duty or High Sulfur Fuel
CA Light Duty, Low Sulfur Fuel

35 12-19-01 INDIAN OIL CORPORATION LI HD4 2

 Performance Categories
Relative Performance of Each API Category
Used Oil Oxidation
Viscometrics

Oil Aeration

Sludge Shear Stability

CI-4
Ring and CH-4
Filter Plugging
Liner Wear CG-4
CF-4
Oil CF
Consumption Piston Deposits

Valvetrain Corrosion
Wear Soot
Thickening
36 12-19-01 INDIAN OIL CORPORATION LI HD4 379
 SERVO DIESEL ENGINE OILS

 Servo Pride 30 / 40
 Servo Pride Super 15W40
 Servo Premium CF4 15W40
 Servo Pride XL( CH4) 15W40
 Servo Pride Supreme ( CI4) 15W40

37 INDIAN OIL CORPORATION LI

 SYSTEM OILS

 USAGE OF SYSTEM HLP OILS

 SUPERIOR IN OXIDATION LEVELS
 GROUP- II BASED OILS
 LONGER LIFE OILS
 REDUCTION OF GRADES AND INTER
MIXING
 BETTER DEMULSIBILTY CHARACTERS

38 INDIAN OIL CORPORATION LI

 ADVANTAGES OF RR606 MG

   CYLINDER LINER WEAR REDUCED BY 13.3%

    PISTON RING WEAR REDUCED BY 7%
 CONNECTING ROD BEARING WEIGHTLOSSIS
IS 44% LOWER
 CARBON DEPOSIT REDUCED BY 21%
 SFC REDUCED BY 3%
 HIGHER TBN LIFE MEANS LOWER LUBE OIL
CONSUMPTION
39 INDIAN OIL CORPORATION LI
SAVINGS BY RR606MG
 SFC IS 2.6-3.0 LTRS/ 100KM FROM 4-5
LTRS/100 KM
 CONSUMPTION 15YEARS BACK- 25000 KL
 ESTIMATED CONSUMPTION- 32000KL
 ACTUAL CURRENTCONSUMPTION-17500KL

SAVINGS ON ACCOUNT OF LUBE OIL- 6400KL

APPROXIMATE VALUE- Rs 64 crore
SAVINGS ON FUEL IS 5% OF100000 MT
APPROXIMATE VALUE IS –Rs 450 Crore

40 INDIAN OIL CORPORATION LI

 NEW GENERATION OILS
 RR 606MG PLUS- LUDHIANA

 RR 606MG ALTERANATE VII- JHANSI

 RR 520 MG

41 INDIAN OIL CORPORATION LI

 RR 606 MG PLUS& VII SERIES
 TO FURTHER REDUCE SFC, SLC
 TO SUSTAIN HIGHER LOADS
 LONGER DRAIN PERIODS
 HIGHER TBN RETENTION VALUES
 ASH LESS ADDITIVES

Since trial is under progress detailed data is

not available

42 INDIAN OIL CORPORATION LI

 ULTRA SERIES OF OILS

 ENHANCE THE DRAIN PERIOD

 CURRENT RECOMMENDED IS 1000 HRS
 DRAIN PERIOD TO BE INCREASED TO 1800
HRS

43 INDIAN OIL CORPORATION LI

 GEAR OILS- MESH SERIES

 SHIFTED TO SYNGEAR OIL- SYTHETIC

OILS
 CURRENT OTHER GRADES USED IN MESH
SP OILS
 RECOMMENDED IS SERVO MESH PLUS
SERIES OILS – ANTI MICRO PITTING OILS-
SEMI SYNTHETIC OILS

44 INDIAN OIL CORPORATION LI

 MICROPITTING
 A new form of tooth surface wear
 Conventional gear oils are inadequate to control this type of
wear under severe operating conditions
 Characterized by the presence of fine surface pits, showing
Fractured lower surfaces
 Driving stress for micro pitting arises from the Roughness
of the gear surfaces
 Therefore, surface roughness & lubricant additives have an
important impact

MICROPITTING IS AN UNIFORM ROLLING CONTACT

FATIGUE WEAR PHENOMENON, OBSERVED IN CASE
OF HARDENED GEARS, OPERATING UNDER MIXED OR
BOUNDARY LUBRICATION REGIMES
45 INDIAN OIL CORPORATION LI
 SERVOMESH PLUS
• Anti micro pitting resistant industrial gear oils
• Carefully blended with HVI solvent neutral base stocks
• Optimized with tailor made additive package to ensure many
other performance parameters of S-P series oils in addition to
superior antimicropitting and wear protections
• Protects against scuffing without promoting corrosive wear and
fatigue failures
• Passes through special micro pitting tests

THE OILS ARE APPROVED BY M/S FLENDER AG OF GERMANY

COMMERCIALLY AVAILABLE IN ISOVG GRADES OF 220 / 320/460
46 INDIAN OIL CORPORATION LI
 TURBINE OILS- PRIME OILS
 IMPROVEMENT DONE IS INDEGENIOUS
BASE OIL STOCKS
 SULPHUR % IS THE ORDER OF 200 ppm
AGAINST IMPORTED STOCKS OF 2000 ppm
 SEMI-SYNTHETIC IN NATURE
 SATURATES % IS HIGH LOWER OXIDATION
LEVELS
 LESS OF ELEMENTAL- METALS

47 INDIAN OIL CORPORATION LI

 GREASES

 SERVO GREASE WR2- WATER RESISTANCE

 SERVO PLEX SHC 120- SYNTHETIC GREASE
 SERVO CHAIN TEXT- SYNTHETIC OILS – HIGH
TEMPERATURE
 SERVO CHAIN KOTE – CHAIN LUBRICATION

48 INDIAN OIL CORPORATION LI

49 INDIAN OIL CORPORATION LI
 TRANSFORMER OILS

 SERVO ELECTRA
 BIS335-1993 SPECIFICATION. Approved by
Central power research institution (CPRI)
  NON CONVENTIONAL-ACID TREATMENT
 Hydro Catalytic Techniques, which resulted in
high quality base oil with inherent property of
low pour point, and superior Hydrophobic

50 INDIAN OIL CORPORATION LI

 TRANSFORMER OIL

     Kinematic Vis. @ 400 C : 14.84

   Density : 0.835
Flash Point : 165 Min.
Pour point : (-)10 min
Interfacial tension,N/m : 0.050 min
Neutalisation value,TAN : nil
Corrosive sulphur : non corrosive
BD Voltage,ms,KV : 71
Di electic, dissipation factor : 0.0001
51 INDIAN OIL CORPORATION LI
 TRANSFORMER OIL

  Specific resistance 1012 : 3920 (ohm @27

degreeC)
OXIDATION STABILITY :0.01mgKOH/gm
  Water content ppm : 14

 GASSING TENDENCY IS 1/3 RD OF THE NORMAL

CONVENTIONAL OILS

52 INDIAN OIL CORPORATION LI

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54 INDIAN OIL CORPORATION LI
55 INDIAN OIL CORPORATION LI
 DISPOSAL OF OILS

 BURNING
 INCERENATING
 BURYING UNDER GROUND

56 INDIAN OIL CORPORATION LI

 FUNDAMENTALS OF LUBRICATION

Lubrication is any procedure that has the

effect of reducing friction and wear
 Friction
–resistance to motion encountered
during sliding
 Wear
– loss or destruction of surface
material
58 INDIAN OIL CORPORATION LI
 History

• Egyptians used fluids to lubricate

sledges as early as 2400 B.C.
• Natural oils widely used as
lubricants up to the 19th Century
• Mineral oils introduced during
19th century (industrial revolution)
• Additives and synthetic lubricants
introduced during the 20th Century,
particularly after World War II

59 INDIAN OIL CORPORATION LI

 CAUSES OF FRICTION

 Molecular attraction between bodies in contact

 Interlocking of the opposing surface
irregularities
 Surface waviness

60 INDIAN OIL CORPORATION LI

 TYPES OF FRICTION
 Static

 Kinetic...................

 Rolling............................................

61 INDIAN OIL CORPORATION LI

 FRICTION & WEAR

Friction regime Coefficient of Friction Wear

Dry Friction (Sliding) 0.3 high

Dry Friction (Rolling) 0.005 very low

Mixed friction (rolling) 0.005 - 0.3 noticeable

Fluid friction 0.005 - 0.1 practically zero

62 INDIAN OIL CORPORATION LI

 FUNDAMENTALS OF LUBRICATION

MODES OF LUBRICATION

 HYDRODYNAMIC
 MIXED FILM
 ELASTO HYDRODYNAMIC
 BOUNDARY

63 INDIAN OIL CORPORATION LI

 FUNDAMENTALS OF LUBRICATION

Hydrodynamic

Moving Surface

Hydrodynamic Pressure

Stationary Surface

Liquid ‘wedge’ formed under the inclined plate causes lift

64 INDIAN OIL CORPORATION LI

 FUNDAMENTALS OF LUBRICATION
Hydrodynamic
Low Load

high speed

laminar
flow

static

Lubricant film thickness greater than surface asperities

65 INDIAN OIL CORPORATION LI

 FUNDAMENTALS OF LUBRICATION
Mixed
High load

Low speed

Some surface contact

Lubricant film thickness of similar order to surface asperities

66 INDIAN OIL CORPORATION LI
 FUNDAMENTALS OF LUBRICATION

Elasto-hydrodynamic
W
“Model” Gear
tooth surfaces

Unloaded

W
Loaded

Very thin layer of oil

Example:
Elastic deformation under extreme
Loaded Gears
of gear tooth surfaces pressure
67 INDIAN OIL CORPORATION LI
 FUNDAMENTALS OF LUBRICATION
Boundary
Very High Load

Very low speed

Lubricant Film

Surface Contact

Lubricant film thickness less than surface asperities

68 INDIAN OIL CORPORATION LI
FUNDAMENTALS OF LUBRICATION
Lubrication Regimes
Boundary
Lubrication
Coefficient of Friction

1.0 Mixed Lubrication

0.1

0.01

0.001
Full Fluid Film
0.0001 Lubrication
1 10 100 1,000 100,000

ZN/P

Z= Viscosity N= Speed P= Pressure

INDIAN OIL CORPORATION LI
 PRIMARY FUNCTIONS OF A LUBRICANT

 Reduce Friction
 Reduce Wear
 Removal of Heat ( Due to Frictional Work,
Combustion Heat)

70 INDIAN OIL CORPORATION LI

 IMPORTANT PROPERTIES
 Proper fluidity under operating conditions
 Film strength to withstand loads
 Chemical Stability
 Lubricity or oiliness or slipperiness to the
degree required
 Adhesiveness to bearing surfaces
 Purity , freedom from contaminants
 Noncorrosive characterstics

71 INDIAN OIL CORPORATION LI

 IMPORTANT PROPERTIES
 Rust proofing capability
 Resistance to water washout
 Resistance to foaming
 Good sealing properties
 Low change in fluidity due to change in temperatures
 Fire resistance
 Low volatility
 Good emulsifying qualities
 Availability at reasonable cost

72 INDIAN OIL CORPORATION LI

 CLASSIFICATION OF LUBRICANTS

 PHYSICAL STATE
 SOLID : Graphite Powder , Molebdenum
disulphide , Talc
 Liquid: Mineral Oils, Vegetable Oils, Synthetic
Oils
 Gases : Air, Helium, Carbon dioxide
 Plastics: Greases

73 INDIAN OIL CORPORATION LI

 APPLICATIONS
 Gases : Lighter bearings like gyroscopes , Rotating
mount of large telescopes
 Solids: They are used of extreme conditions of
temperature, vacuum, loads & nuclear radiations.
 Liquids: For most of the Industrial & Automotive
application mineral oil based lubricants are used.
 Greases: Greases are used for those applications
where liquids do not stay in place.

74 INDIAN OIL CORPORATION LI

 CLASSIFICATION BASED ON
APPLICATION

 Engine Oils
 Gear Oils
 Hydraulic Oils
 Compressor Oils
 Turbine Oils
 Cutting Oils
 Circulation bearing oils

75 INDIAN OIL CORPORATION LI

 CLASSIFICATION OF LUBRICANTS BASED ON VISCOSITY

 SAE Classification for Automotive Engine Oils

& Gear Oils
 ISO VG Classification for Industrial Oils
 NLGI Classification for Greases

76 INDIAN OIL CORPORATION LI

 SAE CLASSIFICATION - ENGINE OILS

77 INDIAN OIL CORPORATION LI

 SAE CLASSIFICATION OF AUTOMOTIVE GEAR OILS

SAE VISCOSITY MIN TEMP FOR VISC AT 100°C

GRADE VISC OF 150000 cSt
cP °C
MINIMUM MAXIMUM

70W -55 4.1 -

75W -40 4.1 -
80W -26 7.0 -
85W -12 11.0 -
90 - 13.5 24.0
140 - 24.0 41.0
250 - 41.0 -

78 INDIAN OIL CORPORATION LIMIT

 ISO VG CLASSIFICATION

ISO Midpoint Viscosity Limit cSt ISO Midpoint Viscosity Limit cSt
cSt @ o o
Visosity @ 40 C Viscosity cSt @ @ 40 C
o o
Grade 40 C Grade 40 C
Min. Max. Min. Max.
2 2.2 1.98 2.42 68 68 61.20 74.80
3 3.2 2.88 3.52 100 100 90.00 110.00
5 4.6 4.14 5.06 150 150 135.00 165.00
7 6.8 6.12 7.48 220 220 198.00 242.00
10 10.0 9.00 11.00 320 320 288.00 352.00
15 15.0 13.50 16.50 460 460 414.00 506.00
22 22.0 19.80 24.20 680 680 612.00 748.00
32 32.0 28.80 35.20 1000 1000 900.00 1100.00
46 46.0 41.40 50.60 1500 1500 1350.00 1650.00

79 INDIAN OIL CORPORATION LI

 NLGI CLASSIFICATION
o
NLGI No. ASTM Penetration at 25 C
000 445-475
00 400-430
0 355-385
1 310-340
2 265-295
3 220-250
4 175-205
5 130-160
6 84-115
80 INDIAN OIL CORPORATION LIMIT
 HOW LUBRICANTS ARE MADE

BASE OIL Additives

 ADDITIVES: Detergents,Dispersants,Oxidation Inhibitors,VI

Improvers,Antifoam,Antiwear

81 INDIAN OIL CORPORATION LI

 BASE OIL PRODUCTION

 Base oils are produced from crude Oil.

 Distillation is done to adjust viscosity & flash point
 Refining to improve aging tendency & VT
Charactersitics
 Dewaxing is done to improve low- temperature
properties.
 Base Oils & Additives blended together to get required
properties for a specific application.

82 INDIAN OIL CORPORATION LI

 SERVO NOMENCLATURE

 SERVOPRIME – FOR
TURBINES ( PRIME MOVER)
 SERVOSYSTEM- FOR
HYDRAULIC SYSTEMS
 SERVOMESH – FOR
INDUSTRIAL GEARS
 SERVOPRESS- FOR
COMPRESSORS
 SERVOSPIN – FOR
TEXTILE/GRINDING HIGH
SPEED SPINDLES
 SERVOSTEEL – FOR STEEL INDUSTRY BEARINGS
 SERVOFRIZ – FOR REFRIGERATION COMPRESSOR
 SERVONEUM FOR PNEUMATIC TOOLS
 SERVOWAY- FOR MACHINE TOOL GUIDE WAYS
 SERVOCYL FOR STEAM CYLINDER
 SERVO SM FOR SUGAR MILL BEARINGS
 SERVOSHAFT FOR MARINE SHAFT BEARINGS

83 INDIAN OIL CORPORATION LI

 SERVO NOMENCLATURE

 SERVOCUT FOR CUTTING – CUTTING FLUIDS

 SERVOTHERM FOR HEAT TRANSFER SYSTEMS
 SERVOQUENCH FOR QUENCHING OPERATIONS
 SERVO MARINE FOR MARINE ENGINES
 SERVO GEM FOR GENERAL ELECTRICAL &
MECHANICAL
 SERVOCOAT OPEN GEAR COATING LUBRICANT
 SERVORP FOR RUST PREVENTION
 SERVOVACUUM FOR VACUUM PUMPS
 SERVOSYNGEAR FOR GEARS – SYNTHETIC OIL
 SERVOSYNCO FOR COMPRESSORS- SYNTHETIC OIL
 SERVO GEAR FOR AUTO GEARS

84 INDIAN OIL CORPORATION LI