Biochemical ,
nutritional,functional charactericts
Cellulose and
Hemicellulose
By
bby
Basavaprasad
Mtech (FSQA)
2019573803
- polysaccharideconsisting of a linear chain of D-glucose
units β(1→4) linked.
Anhydro-glucopyranose units
Cellulose is an most abundant organic polymer on Earth
with the formula (C6H10O5)n,
It is a Carbohydrate composed of Carbon(49.39%),
Oxygen (44.4%) and Hydrogen (6.17%).
structural component of the primary cell wall of green
plants, many forms of algae
omopolymer of Glucose
In humans, cellulose acts as a hydrophilic bulking agent
for feces and is often referred to as a "dietary fiber".
.
Structure of cellulose
“Anselm Payen”
Structure of cellulose
6
5 5
4 1 O
4 1 O
3 2
3 2
H2 H2
O O
Cellul
ose
syntha
se
𝜷 ,1-4, D-Anhydroglucopyranose units linked by (1,4)-glycosidic
bonds enzym
e
1,4 D
Glycopy O O
ranosic
Gazi A Rahman Nahid (120537),FWT, KU
bond
structure and properties of
cellulose
Cellulose has no taste, is odorless, is hydrophilic, insoluble in water
and most organic solvents, is chiral and is biodegradable. Hydrolysed
chemically acids
Cellulose is derived from D-glucose units, linked by β(1→4)-
glycosidic bonds.
Cellulose is a straight chain polymer: unlike starch, no coiling or
branching occurs
The multiple hydroxyl groups on the glucose from one chain form
hydrogen bonds with oxygen atoms on a neighbor chain, holding the
chains firmly together side-by-side and forming microfibrils with high
tensile strength.
Appearance : Whitish in color
Density : 1.5 g/cm 3
Melting point : 260–270 °C; 500–518 °F;
533–543 K to decompose
Std enthalpy of formation : −963 KJ/mol
Std enthalpy of combustion : −2828 KJ/mol
Moisture absorption : 8-14% moisture, very
slowly
Reacts with strong base
Cellobiose
produced by partial hydrolysis of cellulose
Reducing sugar
Cellobiose consists of two glucose molecules linked by a
β(1→4) bond
• Molecules can crystallize into different polymorphic
forms.
Only first four are of textileinterest. Lengthofcellulose
crystal is 10.3A°
paper & textile industry - Cellulose is the major constituent of paper,
paperboard, and card stock Cellulose is the main ingredient of
textiles made from cotton, linen, and other plant fibers
Microcrystalline cellulose (E460i)- inactive fillers in drug
tablets and as thickeners and stabilizers in processed foods.
powdered cellulose (E460ii) are used as Cellulose powder is,
for example, used in Kraft's Parmesan cheese to prevent caking
inside-of the package.
Pharmaceuticals: Medicines are derived from plants
cellulose, cellulose acetate etc.
Bomb: Cellulose trinitrate is used as a propellant for bullets due
the fact that nitrate –OH group can be explosive
Energy Drinks: Glucuronolacton, vitamins, and carbohydrates
Hemicellulose
A hemicellulose is type of Homopolysaccharaide , present along with
cellulose
cellulose is crystalline, strong, and resistant to hydrolysis,
hemicelluloses have random, amorphous structure with little strength. They are
easily hydrolyzed by dilute acid or base as well as a myriad of hemicellulase
enzymes.
Hemicelluloses contain most of the D-pentose sugars,
There are different kinds of hemicelluloses, including
1. xylan,
2. glucuronoxylan,
3. arabinoxylan,
4. glucomannan,
5. xyloglucan.
Structure of hemicellulose
hemicelluloses – 500–3,000 sugar units
Cellulose 7,000–15,000 glucose
Function
Microfibrils are cross-linked together by hemicellulose homopolymers.
Lignins assist and strengthen the attachment of hemicelluloses to microfibrils.
Applications
• As percent content of hemicellulose increases in animal feed, the voluntary
feed intake decreases.
• adhesives, or adhesion promoting components, in hot melt or pressure-
sensitive adhesives
• Hemicellulose is represented by the difference between
neutral detergent fiber (NDF) and acid detergent fiber (ADF).
References
Beck-Candanedo, S., Roman, M., & Gray, D. G. (2005). Effect of
reaction conditions on the properties and behavior of wood
cellulose nanocrystal suspensions. Biomacromolecules, Vol.6, No.2,
pp. 1048-1054.
. Boruvkova, K, and Wiener, J 2011, Water Absorption in
Carboxymethyl Cellulose, AUTEX Research Journal, Vol. 11, No4,
December 2011
Duran, N., Lemes, A. P., Duran, M., Freer, J., & Baeza, J. (2011). A
Mini review of Cellulose Nanocrystals and Its Potential Integration
as Co-Product in Bioethanol Production. Journal of the Chilean
Chemical Society, Vol.56, No.2, pp. 672-677
Thank you
