CSC101 – Introduction to ICT

Lecture 03 Input/Output
Course Instructor

Ashfaq Hussain Farooqi

[email protected]
McGraw-Hill Technology Education Copyright © 2006 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.
McGraw-Hill Technology Education Copyright © 2006 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.
 Chapter 3A

Using the Keyboard And Mouse

McGraw-Hill Technology Education Copyright © 2006 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.
 The Keyboard
• The most common input device
– Must be proficient with keyboard
– Skill is called keyboarding

3A-4
 The Keyboard
• How keyboard works
– Keyboard controller detects a key press
– Controller sends a code to the CPU
• Code represents the key pressed
– Controller notifies the operating system
– Operating system responds
– Controller repeats the letter if held

3A-5
 The Mouse
• All modern computers have a variant
• Allows users to select objects
– Pointer moved by the mouse
• Mechanical mouse
– Rubber ball determines direction and speed
– The ball often requires cleaning

3A-6
 The Mouse
• Optical mouse
– Light shown onto mouse pad
– Reflection determines speed and direction
– Requires little maintenance

3A-7
 The Mouse
• Interacting with a mouse
– Actions involve pointing to an object
– Clicking selects the object
– Clicking and holding drags the object
– Releasing an object is a drop
– Right clicking activates the shortcut menu
– Modern mice include a scroll wheel

3A-8
 The Mouse
• Benefits
– Pointer positioning is fast
– Menu interaction is easy
– Users can draw electronically

3A-9
 The Mouse
• Mouse button configuration
– Configured for a right-handed user
• Can be reconfigured
– Between 1 and 6 buttons
– Extra buttons are configurable

3A-10
 Variants of the Mouse
• Trackballs
– Hand rests on the ball
– User moves the ball
– Uses little desk space

3A-11
 Variants of the Mouse
• Track pads
– Stationary pointing device
– Small plastic rectangle
– Finger moves across the pad
– Pointer moves with the pointer
– Popular on laptops

3A-12
 Variants of the Mouse
• Track point
– Little joystick on the keyboard
– Move pointer by moving the joystick

3A-13
 Chapter 3B

Inputting Data In Other Ways

McGraw-Hill Technology Education Copyright © 2006 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.
 Devices for the Hand
• Pen based input
– Tablet PCs, PDA
– Pen used to
write data
– Pen used as
a pointer
– Handwriting recognition
– On screen keyboard

3B-15
 Devices for the hand
• Touch screens
– Sensors determine where finger points
– Sensors create an X,Y coordinate
– Usually presents a menu to users

3B-16
 Devices for the hand
• Game controllers
– Enhances gaming experience
– Provide custom input to the game
– Modern controllers offer feedback
– Joystick
– Game pad

3B-17
 Optical Input Devices
• Allows the computer to see input
• Bar code readers
– Converts bar codes to numbers
• Universal Product Code (UPC) code
– Computer find number in a database
– Works by reflecting light
• Amount of reflected light indicates number

3B-18
 Optical Input Devices
• Image scanners
– Converts printed media into electronic
– Reflects light off of the image
– Sensors read the intensity
– Filters determine color depths

3B-19
 Optical input devices
• Optical character recognition (OCR)
– Converts scanned text into editable text
– Each letter is scanned
– Letters are compared to known letters
– Best match is entered into document
– Rarely 100% accurate

3B-20
 Audiovisual Input Devices
• Microphones
– Used to record speech
– Speech recognition
• “Understands” human speech
• Allows dictation or control of computer
• Matches spoken sound to known phonemes
• Enters best match into document

3B-21
 Audiovisual Input Devices
• Musical Instrument Digital Interface
– MIDI
– Connects musical instruments to computer
– Digital recording or playback of music
– Musicians can produce professional results

3B-22
 Audiovisual Input Devices
• Digital cameras
– Captures images electronically
– No film is needed
– Image is stored as a JPG file
– Memory cards store the images
– Used in a variety of professions

3B-23
 Chapter 3B

End of Chapter

McGraw-Hill Technology Education Copyright © 2006 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.
McGraw-Hill Technology Education Copyright © 2006 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.
McGraw-Hill Technology Education Copyright © 2006 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.
 Chapter 4A

Video and Sound

McGraw-Hill Technology Education Copyright © 2006 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.
 Monitors
• Most common output device
• Connects to the video card
• Categorized by color output
– Monochrome
• One color with black background
– Grayscale
• Varying degrees of gray
– Color
• Display 4 to 16 million colors

4A-27
 Monitors
• Cathode Ray Tube (CRT)
– Most common type of monitor
– Electrons fired from the back
– Electrons excite phosphor to glow
– Phosphor is arranged in dots called pixels
– Dot mask ensures proper pixel is lit
 Monitors
• CRT color
– Phosphor dots arranged in triads
– Red, green, and blue dots
– Three colors blend to make colors
– Varying the intensity creates new colors
 Monitors
• CRT drawbacks
– Very large
– Very heavy
– Use a lot of electricity
 Monitors
• Liquid Crystal Display (LCD)
– Commonly found on laptops
– Desktop versions exist
– Solve the problems of CRT
– Fluorescent lights provide illumination
 Monitors
• Passive matrix LCD
– Pixels arranged in a grid
– Pixels are activated indirectly
• Row and column are activated
– Animation can be blurry
 Monitors
• Active matrix LCD
– Each pixel is activated directly
– Pixels have 4 transistors
• One each for red, green, blue
• One for opaqueness
– Transistors arranged in a thin film
– Animation is crisp and clean
 Monitors
• Drawbacks to LCD
– More expensive than CRT
– Must sit directly in front of screen
– Can be more fragile than CRT
 Monitors and Video Cards
• Monitors impacts user effectiveness
• Monitors should have
– Crisp text
– Clear graphics
– Adjustable controls
– Clear edges
 Monitors and Video Cards
• Size of monitor
– Measured in inches
– Measured diagonally
– Actual size
• Distance from corner to corner
– Viewable size
• Useable portion of the screen
 Monitors and Video Cards
• Resolution
– Number of pixels on the screen
– Higher number creates sharper images
– Higher number creates smaller images
 Monitors and Video Cards
• Refresh rate
– Number of time the screen is redrawn
– Modern equipment sets this automatically
– Improper settings can cause eyestrain
 Monitors and Video Cards
• Dot pitch
– Distance between the same color dots
– Ranges between .15 mm and .40 mm
– Smaller creates a finer picture
– Should be less than .22
 Video Cards
• Device between the CPU and monitor
• Better cards result in better output
• Removes burden of drawing from CPU
• Have their own processor and RAM
• Modern cards have up to 512 MB RAM
• Capable of rendering 3D images
 Data Projectors
• Replaced overhead and slide projectors
• Project image onto wall or screen
• LCD projectors
– Most common type of projector
– Small LCD screen
– Very bright light
– Require a darkened room
 Data Projectors
• Digital Light Projectors
– A series of mirrors control the display
– May be used in a lighted room
 Sound Systems
• Integral part of the computer experience
• Capable of recording and playback
 Sound Systems
• Sound card
– Device between the CPU and speakers
– Converts digital sounds to analog
– Can be connected to several devices
– Modern cards support Dolby Surround Sound
 Sound Systems
• Headphones and headsets
– Replacement for speakers and microphones
– Offer privacy
– Does not annoy other people
– Outside noise is not a factor
– Headsets have speakers and a microphone
 Chapter 4B

Printing

McGraw-Hill Technology Education Copyright © 2006 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.
 Commonly Used Printers
• Impact printers
– Generate output by striking the paper
– Uses an inked ribbon
• Non-impact printers
– Use methods other than force
– Tend to be quiet and fast

4B-47
 Commonly Used Printers
• Dot matrix printers
– Impact printer
– Used to print to multi-sheet pages
– Print head strikes inked ribbon
– Line printers
– Band printers
– Speed measured in characters per second

4B-48
 Dot Matrix Print Head

4B-49
 Commonly Used Printers
• Ink-jet printers
– Non-impact printer
– Inexpensive home printer
– Color output common using CMYK
• Cyan, magenta, yellow, black
– Sprays ink onto paper
– Speed measured in pages per minute
– Quality expressed as dots per inch

4B-50
 Dots Per Inch

4B-51
 Commonly Used Printers
• Laser printer
– Non-impact printer
– Produces high quality documents
– Color or black and white
– Print process
• Laser draws text on page
• Toner sticks to text
• Toner melted to page
– Speed measured in pages per minute
– Quality expressed as dots per inch

4B-52
 Commonly Used Printers
• All-in-one peripherals
– Scanner, copier, printer and fax
– Popular in home offices
– Prices are very reasonable

4B-53
 Comparing Printers
• Determine what you need
• Determine what you can spend
• Initial cost
• Cost of operating
• Image quality
• Speed

4B-54
 High-Quality Printers
• Special purpose printers
– Used by a print shop
– Output is professional grade
– Prints to a variety of surfaces

4B-55
 High-Quality Printers
• Photo printers
– Produces film quality pictures
– Prints very slow
– Prints a variety of sizes

4B-56
 High-Quality Printers
• Thermal wax printers
– Produces bold color output
– Color generated by melting wax
– Colors do not bleed
– Operation costs are low
– Output is slow

4B-57
 High-Quality Printers
• Dye sublimation printers
– Produces realistic output
– Very high quality
– Color is produced by evaporating ink
– Operation costs are high
– Output is very slow

4B-58
 High-Quality Printers
• Plotters
– Large high quality blueprints
– Older models draw with pens
– Operational costs are low
– Output is very slow

4B-59
 Chapter 4B

End of Chapter

McGraw-Hill Technology Education Copyright © 2006 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.