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Fundamentals of Multimedia

This document provides an overview of fundamentals of multimedia including definitions of multimedia and hypermedia. It discusses the history of multimedia from newspapers to the internet. Components of multimedia like video, audio, images and interactions are described. Software tools for multimedia tasks like music sequencing, digital audio, graphics editing, video editing and animation are also outlined.

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Bhavani Kavya
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66 views

Fundamentals of Multimedia

This document provides an overview of fundamentals of multimedia including definitions of multimedia and hypermedia. It discusses the history of multimedia from newspapers to the internet. Components of multimedia like video, audio, images and interactions are described. Software tools for multimedia tasks like music sequencing, digital audio, graphics editing, video editing and animation are also outlined.

Uploaded by

Bhavani Kavya
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 27

Fundamentals of

Multimedia

2nd Edition 2014


Ze-Nian Li
Mark S. Drew
Jiangchuan Liu

Chapter 1 : Introduction and Multimedia


Data
Representations
This chapter considers what
multimedia is.
It also supplies an overview of
multimedia software tools, such
as video editors and digital audio
programs

2
1.1 The term “multimedia “.

applications that use multiple


modalities, including text,
images, drawings (graphics),
animation, video, sound including
speech, and interactivity.

3
1.1 Multimedia and
Computer Science

Graphics, HCI, visualization,


computer vision, data
compression, graph theory,
networking, database systems ---
all have important contributions
to make in multimedia at the
present time.

4
Components of
Multimedia

5
Multimedia involves multiple
modalities of text, audio, images,
drawings, animation, and video.
Examples of how these modalities
are put to use:
1. Video teleconferencing.
2. Distributed lectures for higher
education.
3. Tele-medicine.
4. Co-operative work environments.
6
5. Searching in (very) large video and
image databases for target visual
objects.
6. " Augmented" reality: placing real-
appearing computer graphics and
video objects into scenes.
7. Including audio cues for where video-
conference participants are located.
8. Building searchable features into new
video, and enabling very high- to very
low-bit-rate use of new, scalable
multimedia products.

7
9. Making multimedia components
editable.
10. Building "inverse-Hollywood"
applications that can recreate the
process by which a video was
made.
11. Using voice-recognition to build
an interactive environment, say a
kitchen-wall web browser.

8
1.2 Multimedia and
Hypermedia

9
History of Multimedia:
1. Newspaper: perhaps the first mass
communication medium, uses text,
graphics, and images.
2. Motion pictures: conceived of in 1830's
in order to observe motion too rapid for
perception by the human eye.
3. Wireless radio transmission:
Guglielmo Marconi, at Pontecchio, Italy, in
1895.
4. Television: the new medium for the 20th
century, established video as a commonly
available medium and has since changed
the world of mass communications.
10
History of Multimedia:
5. The connection between computers
and ideas about multimedia covers
what is actually only a short period:
1945 - Vannevar Bush wrote a landmark
article describing what amounts to a
hypermedia system called Memex.
1960 -Ted Nelson coined the term
hypertext.

2000 - WWW size was estimated at


over 1 billion pages.

11
Hypermedia and
Multimedia
A hypertext system: meant to be read
nonlinearly, by following links that point to
other parts of the document, or to other
documents
HyperMedia: not constrained to be text-
based, can include other media, e.g.,
graphics, images, and especially the
continuous media | sound and video.
◦ The World Wide Web (WWW) | the best example
of a hypermedia application.
Multimedia means that computer
information can be represented through
audio, graphics, images, video, and
animation in addition to traditional media.

12
SMIL (Synchronized
Multimedia Integration
Language)
SMIL: pronounced "smile“ -- a
particular application of XML (globally
predefined DTD) that allows for
specification of interaction among any
media types and user input, in a
temporally scripted manner.

13
SMIL
 Purpose of SMIL: it is also desirable to
be able to publish multimedia
presentations using a markup language.
A multimedia markup language needs to
enable scheduling and synchronization of
different multimedia elements, and
define their interactivity with the user.
SMIL 2.0 is specified in XML using a
modularization approach similar to the
one used in xhtml:

14
SMIL
 Basic elements of SMIL as shown in the
following example:

<!DOCTYPE smil PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD SMIL 2.0"


"http://www.w3.org/2001/SMIL20/SMIL20.dtd">
<smil
xlmns="http://www.w3.org/2001/SMIL20/Language">
<head> <meta name="Author" content="Some
Professor" />
</head> <body> <par id="MakingOfABook">
<seq> <video src="authorview.mpg" />
<img src="onagoodday.jpg" />
</seq>
<audio src="authorview.wav" />
<text src="http://www.cs.sfu.ca/mmbook/" />
</par> </body> </smil>
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1.3 Overview of Multimedia
Software Tools
 softwaretools available for carrying out
tasks in multimedia are:
1. Music Sequencing and Notation
2. Digital Audio
3. Graphics and Image Editing
4. Video Editing
5. Animation
6. Multimedia Authoring

16
1.Music Sequencing and
Notation
 Cakewalk: now called Pro Audio.
- The term sequencer comes from older devices that
stored sequences of notes ("events", in MIDI
[Musical Instrument Digital Interface]).
- It is also possible to insert WAV files and Windows
MCI commands (for animation and video) into
music tracks (MCI is a ubiquitous component of the
Windows API.)
 Cubase: another sequencing/editing program, with
capabilities similar to those of Cakewalk. It includes
some digital audio editing tools.
 Macromedia Soundedit: mature program for
creating audio for multimedia projects and the
web that integrates well with other Macromedia
products such as Flash and Director.
17
2.Digital Audio
 tools deal with accessing and editing the actual
sampled sounds that make up audio:
- Adobe Audition (formerly Cool Edit) is a
powerful, popular digital audio toolkit that emulate
a professional audio studio, including multitrack
productions and sound file editing, along with
digital signal processing effects.
- Sound Forge Like Audition, Sound Forge is a
sophisticated PC-based program for editing WAV
files.
 Pro Tools: a high-end integrated audio production
and editing environment . It offers MIDI creation
and manipulation; powerful audio mixing,
recording, and editing software.
18
3. Graphics and Image
Editing
 Adobe Illustrator: a powerful publishing tool
from Adobe. Uses vector graphics; graphics can be
exported to Web.
 Adobe Photoshop: the standard in a graphics,
image processing and manipulation tool.
◦ Allows layers of images, graphics, and text that can
be separately manipulated for maximum flexibility.
◦ Filter factory permits creation of sophisticated
lighting-effects filters
 Macromedia Fireworks: software for making
graphics specifically for the web.
 Macromedia Freehand: a text and web
graphics editing tool that supports many bitmap
formats such as GIF, PNG, and JPEG.

19
4. Video Editing
 Adobe Premiere: an intuitive, simple video editing
tool for nonlinear editing, i.e., putting video clips into
any order:
- Video and audio are arranged in "tracks".
- Provides a large number of video and audio tracks,
super-impositions and virtual clips.
- A large library of built-in transitions, filters and
motions for clips => effective multimedia
productions with little effort.

 Adobe After Effects: a powerful video editing


tool that enables users to add and change
existing movies. Can add many effects: lighting,
shadows, motion blurring; layers.

20
4. Video Editing
 FinalCut Pro: a video editing tool by Apple;
Macintosh only.
 CyberLink PowerDirector: PowerDirector
produced by CyberLink Corp.
◦ is by far the most popular nonlinear video editing
software.
◦ It provides a rich selection of audio and video features
and special effects
◦ easy to use.
◦ It supports all modern video formats (AVCHD 2.0, 4K
Ultra HD, and 3D video)
◦ It supports 64-bit video processing
◦ it is not as “programmable” as Premiere.

21
5. Animation
 Multimedia APIs:
- Java3D: API used by Java to construct and render
3D graphics, similar to the way in which the Java
Media Framework is used for handling media files.
1. Provides a basic set of object primitives (cube,
splines, etc.) for building scenes.
2. It is an abstraction layer built on top of
OpenGL or DirectX (the user can select which).

 DirectX : Windows API that supports video,


images, audio and 3-D animation
 OpenGL: the highly portable, most popular 3-D
API.

22
5. Animation
 Animation Software (Rendering Tools):

- 3D Studio Max: rendering tool that includes a


number of very high-end professional tools for
character animation, game development, and
visual effects production.
 Softimage XSI: a powerful modeling, animation,
and rendering package used for animation and
special effects in films and games.
 Maya: competing product to Softimage; as well, it
is a complete modeling package.
 RenderMan: rendering package created by Pixar.

23
5. Animation
 GIF Animation Packages :

- simpler approach to animation, allows very


quick development of effective small
animations for the web.

- GIFs can contain several images, and looping


through them creates a simple animation.

- Linux also provides some simple animation tools,


such as animate.

24
6. Multimedia Authoring
 Tools that provide the capability for creating a
complete multimedia presentation, including
interactive user control, are called authoring
programs.

- Macromedia Flash: allows users to create


interactive movies by using the score metaphor,
i.e., a timeline arranged in parallel event
sequences.

- Macromedia Director: uses a movie metaphor to


create interactive presentations. It is very powerful
and includes a built in scripting language, Lingo,
that allows creation of complex interactive movies.

25
6. Multimedia Authoring
- Authorware: a mature, well-supported
authoring product based on the Iconic/Flow-
control metaphor.

- Quest: similar to Authorware in many ways, uses


a type of flowcharting metaphor. However, the
flowchart nodes can encapsulate information in a
more abstract way (called frames) than simply
subroutine levels.

26
End of Chapter 1
Introduction and Multimedia Data Representations

27

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