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Canal Lining: Engr. Usman Mir

Canal lining is used to prevent seepage from unlined earthen canals. Different materials are used for lining including concrete, shotcrete, brick tiles, asphalt, earthen materials, and stone or concrete blocks. Canal lining is expensive but necessary in cases where the land is permeable, seepage losses are high, or the canal is for defense or power generation purposes. Proper foundations and construction techniques are important for ensuring canal lining is effective.

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Gulraiz Arshad
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114 views13 pages

Canal Lining: Engr. Usman Mir

Canal lining is used to prevent seepage from unlined earthen canals. Different materials are used for lining including concrete, shotcrete, brick tiles, asphalt, earthen materials, and stone or concrete blocks. Canal lining is expensive but necessary in cases where the land is permeable, seepage losses are high, or the canal is for defense or power generation purposes. Proper foundations and construction techniques are important for ensuring canal lining is effective.

Uploaded by

Gulraiz Arshad
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Canal Lining

Engr. Usman Mir


Canal Lining
• For canals we means only the unlined earthen
canals. These unlined canals are compacted to
some extent but the seepage cannot be prevented.
• Therefore to prevent the quantity of seepage the
canals are lined. Different materials are used for the
lining.
• Canal lining is an expensive business but in certain
cases it is unavoidable. This is required for the
following purposes.
ADVANTAGE OF CANAL LINING
• 1.When the track of land through which the
canal is passing is highly pervious or permeable.
• 2.When the loss of water through seepage is very
high
• 3.In order to check the process of water logging.
• 4.For the defence purposes, i.e. when the canal
is to serve as a line of defence and a very high
velocity is desired in the canal.
• 5.In case of head race and tail race of a
hydroelectric power station situated on a canal
fall.
TYPES OF LINING
1. Concrete lining
2. Shotcrete or plaster
3. Brick tiles
4. Asphaltic lining
5. Lining of earth material
6. Stone blocks, concrete blocks or undressed
stone lining.
Concrete Lining
• An essential condition for the success of
concrete lining is a firm foundation. Natural
earth in cutting is usually satisfactory. Banks
on which lining is to be laid should be
thoroughly compacted. In soils of low
permeability it may be necessary to arrange
for the drainage of banks to avoid the
development of back pressure on the lining
when the banks get saturated by rains.
Concrete Lining
• The lining are 2"-4 1/2" thick. The banks should
always be made at self supporting slope. The
thickness required is governed by the requirements
of imperviousness and the structural strength to
resist cracking or slight movement of the sub-grade.
• As the reinforcement interferes with the working of
certain types of mechanical equipment needed for
placing of concrete, the use of R.C.C is usually not
recommended, until & unless the strength
requirements needs to do so. Also the proper
contraction and construction joints are to be
provided.
Concrete Lining
• In side slopes flatter than 1:1, the form-work for
placing concrete is not used. Also in order to
prevent the absorption of moisture from lower
layers of concrete, by the rub-grade, the sub-
grade has to be saturated up to a depth of 12:
for sandy soil and up to 6." in case of other soils.
However it may cause mudding as well as the
unevenness of the subgrade. Spreading oil
paper on the sub-grade or painting the subgrade
by crude oil before placing the concrete may
overcome the problem of mudding etc.
SHORTCRETE LINING
• Shortcrete consists of a mixture of cement and sand
having a maximum grain size of 3/16". Shortcrete is
forced under pressure through a nozzle on the
surface of the channel being laid. The usual thickness
in which shortcrete is laid is 1 1/2". may also be used.
• Shortcrete can be placed on irregular surface thus
dispensing with the necessity of fine dressing of the
subgrade.
• Shortcreting is of particular advantage in rock cuts. It
has been found very satisfactory for the resurfacing of
badly cracked and leaking but structurally sound old
concrete lining.
Brick Lining
• Bricks are placed on the sub-grade with  of
1:3 c/s mortar sandwiched in between. The
brick masonry is reinforced as well. For lining
work bet quality bricks should be utilized.
They should be fully saturated before lining
and also the subgrade should be moistened
before the first layer of brick.
Asphaltic Lining
• A mixture of asphalt, cement and aggregate is
mixed and placed by hand and by equipment
similar to that used in cement concrete.
• Another type of asphalt lining in which 1/4”
layer of asphalt is sprayed in place at a high
temperature of 400OF and covered with a 12”
layer of earth material for compaction.
Lining of Earthen Materials
• Earthen materials may be utilized for canal lining in the
following forms:
• Clay puddle:
• Clay is saturated with water and is mixed thoroughly by
trempling under men or cattle feet. A layer of clay puddle
about 1” thick protected by a cover of 1 deep silt or soil will
serve as an excellent impervious cut-off face for seepage.
• Compacted Earth:
• Selected graded soil containing enough percentage of fine
to make it highly impermeable when thoroughly compacted
at optimum moisture content, may be used to provide 1 to 3
thickness.
Lining of Earthen Materials
• Soil Cement:
• Soil cement canal lining are made up of a mixture
of cement and soil containing less than 35% of
fine fraction passing No.200 sieve. The cement is
from 2 to 8% of soil. The two are thoroughly
mixed and required quantity of water to bring
the soil to its optimum moisture content is added
and mixed, the material is placed at site and
compacted. Curing is done atleast 7 days.
Stone and Concrete Block Lining
• Dressed stone is costly to be used in lining except
in short reaches where a very hard wearing
surface is required. Undressed round stones or
boulders set in mortar may be provided in
reaches where boulders are available and the
loss of head is of no consideration.
• The thickness of this type of lining is 12 to 18
inches . Precast concrete block lining is similar in
nature to brick tile lining. At the site the laying
can be carried by ordinary masons.

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