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Analysis of Qualitative Data

Qualitative research differs from quantitative research in that it uses a subjective approach to understand human experiences. It focuses on understanding phenomena holistically rather than testing hypotheses. Qualitative data comes from words rather than numbers. Some common qualitative research methods include phenomenology, grounded theory, ethnography, and exploratory research. Data analysis in qualitative research involves ordering, reducing and coding the data, summarizing it, drawing conclusions, and developing strategies. The results are interpreted through the researcher's own understanding and explanation of what is occurring.

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0% found this document useful (0 votes)
56 views22 pages

Analysis of Qualitative Data

Qualitative research differs from quantitative research in that it uses a subjective approach to understand human experiences. It focuses on understanding phenomena holistically rather than testing hypotheses. Qualitative data comes from words rather than numbers. Some common qualitative research methods include phenomenology, grounded theory, ethnography, and exploratory research. Data analysis in qualitative research involves ordering, reducing and coding the data, summarizing it, drawing conclusions, and developing strategies. The results are interpreted through the researcher's own understanding and explanation of what is occurring.

Uploaded by

Leo Victor
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Qualitative

Research
R E E N A F RA N K
LECTURER
O BG D E P T
How does Qualitative Research
differ from Quantitative?
•A systematic, subjective approach used to describe life experiences
and give them meaning
•Useful in understanding human experiences such as pain, caring,
powerlessness, and comfort
•Focuses on understanding the whole
•Consistent with holistic philosophy of nursing
What are the Frameworks for
Qualitative studies?
•The goal of qualitative research is not hypothesis testing.
•Frameworks are used in a different sense in qualitative research.
•Each type of qualitative research is guided by a particular
philosophical stance.
How does the Data in
Qualitative research look
different?
•Data is subjective, systematic
•Describes life experiences and gives them meaning
•Data in qualitative research are typically words versus numbers in
quantitative research
•Focus on the whole, holistic
•Data incorporate perceptions and beliefs of researcher and
participants
Qualitative Research Purpose

Describe Understand Explain

Identify Develop Generate


Qualitative Research Methods
•Multiple realities
•Natural setting for data collection
•Researchers and participants interact
•Results are rich descriptions
Approaches to Qualitative
Research
Phenomenological

Grounded Theory

Ethnography

Exploratory-descriptive-qualitative

Historical
Phenomenology
•Provides a rich description of the ‘lived experience’
Grounded Theory
•Symbolic Interaction Theory
•Meaning is attached to things or actions which form our reality
•Often result in theory development
Ethnography
•Based in anthropology
•Focus on understanding the culture
Exploratory-Descriptive
•No specific approach described except for naturalistic inquiry,
descriptive, or qualitative
•Addresses the research purpose and question from a qualitative
method
Historical
•Examination and description of events or other factors that influence
what you are interested in
What is Included in
Interviewing?
•Open-ended format
•Researcher defines focus.
•No fixed sequence of questions
•Questions tend to change as researcher gains insights from previous
interviews and/or observations.
•Respondents are encouraged to raise issues not addressed by
researcher.
Process
•Comprehending : finding out what’s going on
•Synthesizing : sifting data & putting together
•Theorizing : systematic sorting the data, continues till best & most
relevant explanation is obtained
•Recontextualizing : development of theory which is applicable for
the other setting
Steps in analysis
•Describe the study sample characteristics
•Order and reduce/ code the data
•Summarize the data
•Draw conclusion
•Develop stratergies
Describe the study sample
characteristics

•Who were key informants


•Reason for choosing them
•How they selected
•How they are represents the population
•Who observed
•Under what circumference
Order and reduce/ code the data

•Responses acquired through open ended questions : analyze the


answer
•Read the answers, memorizing the purpose of the question
•Make rough categories of answers and code them
•Again list the answers according to the code
•Interpret each list and develop minimum categories
•Make the final list of categories
Summarize the data

•Different master sheet for different categories of information :


◦ Eg: older generation mother, present generation mother
Now read carefully and compile every master sheet
further summarizing of data
•Matrices: contains words as well as numbers in table format
•Diagrams: figure with boxes that contains arrows, variables
•Flow charts: logical order of decisions or actions. Used to
development of protocol
•Quasistatistical tables: result of the search is analyzed statistically
•Narrative analysis: it’s a study of an individual’s speech. Stories of the
individual respondents are narrated
•Integrating qualitative and quantitative data:
Draw conclusion

•Draw conclusion from above mention methods


Reporting the data
•Quotations and examples
•Results should be elaborated in the discussion chapter
•Completely mix various data sets in the chapter of findings, ordered
as per the objective of the entire study
•No valuable data should be missed
How are Qualitative research
results interpreted?
•The researcher offers his or her interpretation of what is going on.
•The focus is on understanding and explaining beyond that which can
be stated with certainty.
•May focus on usefulness of findings for clinical practice
•Researcher develops hunches about relationships that can be used
to formulate tentative propositions.

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