Innovative EC Systems: From E-Government

to
E-Learning, Collaborative Commerce, and C2C Commerce
From
(Ch5, E-Commerce by Turban (8th edition))
Learning Objectives
1. Describe various e-government initiatives.
2. Describe e-government activities and implementation issues
including e-government 2.0 and m-government.
3. Describe e-learning, virtual universities, and e-training.
4. Describe e-books and their readers.

Copyright © 2012 Person Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice

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Learning Objectives
5. Describe knowledge management and dissemination as an e-
business.
6. Describe and discuss online advisory systems.
7. Describe collaborative e-commerce.
8. Describe collaboration 2.0.
9. Describe C2C activities in e-commerce.

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E-Government: An Overview
• e-government
E-commerce model in which a government entity buys or provides
goods, services, or information to businesses or individual citizens
• government-to-citizens (G2C)
E-government category that includes all the interactions between a
government and its citizens
• Electronic Voting: Pro & Cons ( Pakistan, Information Security)?
• Electronic Benefits Transfer: (Pensions ?)

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E-Government: An Overview
• government-to-business (G2B)
E-government category that includes interactions between
governments and businesses (government selling to businesses and
providing them with services and businesses selling products and
services to the government)
• Government E-Procurement
• Group Purchasing

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E-Government: An Overview
• government-to-government (G2G)
E-government category that includes activities within government
units and those between governments
• government-to-employees (G2E)
E-government category that includes activities and services between
government units and their employees
• Internal Efficiency and Effectiveness (IEE)

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E-Government: An Overview
• IMPLEMENTING E-GOVERNMENT: Pakistan
• THE TRANSFORMATION TO E-GOVERNMENT
• Government 2.0
How government makes use of Web 2.0 technologies to interact with
citizens and provide government services
• The Promise of Government 2.0

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E-Government: An Overview
• mobile government (m-government)
The wireless implementation of e-government mostly to citizens but
also to businesses
• The Benefits of M-Government
• Some Implementation Issues
• Applications

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E-Learning, E-Training, and E-Books
• e-learning
The online delivery of information for purposes of education, training,
or knowledge management
• Benefits And Drawbacks Of E-learning ???

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E-Learning, E-Training, and E-Books
• Distance learning
Formal education that takes place off campus, usually, but not always,
through online resources

• Virtual university
An online university from which students take classes from home or other
offsite locations, usually via the Internet
- vu.edu.pk

• Innovations in E-Learning

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E-Learning, E-Training, and E-Books
• ONLINE CORPORATE TRAINING
• Examples of Corporate Training ?
• Social learning
Learning, training, and knowledge sharing in social networks and by
using social software tools for learning

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E-Learning, E-Training, and E-Books
• LEARNING IN VIRTUAL WORLDS AND SECOND LIFE
• VISUAL INTERACTIVE SIMULATION
• learning on-demand
Learning provided to an employee while the work is being done
(in terms of troubleshooting or performance support)
In a learning on-demand environment, courses, references, help
files, documents, Webcasts, audios, videos, books, and
presentations are all made available when and where a worker
needs them.

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E-Learning, E-Training, and E-Books
• Learning Management System (LMS)
Software applications for the administration, documentation,
tracking, and reporting of training programs, classroom and online
events, e-learning programs, and training content
• IMPLEMENTING E-LEARNING AND E-TRAINING
• Some Representative E-Learning Tools

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E-Learning, E-Training, and E-Books
• electronic book (e-book)
A book in digital form that can be read on a computer screen or on a
special device
• Devices for Reading E-Books
• Advantages and Limitations of E-Books

• Software: Calibre

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Knowledge Management, Advisory
Systems, and Electronic Commerce
Knowledge management (KM)
The process of capturing or creating knowledge, storing it, updating it
constantly, disseminating it, and using it whenever necessary
KM TYPES AND ACTIVITIES
Create knowledge
Capture knowledge
Refine knowledge
Store knowledge
Manage knowledge
Disseminate knowledge

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Knowledge Management, Advisory
Systems, and Electronic Commerce
• KNOWLEDGE SHARING
• Software Tools for Knowledge Sharing
• HOW IS KNOWLEDGE MANAGEMENT RELATED TO E-COMMERCE?
• KM AND SOCIAL NETWORKS
• Knowledge creation
• Knowledge sharing
• DEPLOYING KM TECHNOLOGIES

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Organizations need knowledge, which is provided by KM, in order to better perform their tasks.
Core KM activities for companies engaging in EC should include the following: creation, capture and
codification, classification, distribution, and utilization. Knowledge creation involves using various computer-
based tools and techniques to analyze transaction data and generate new ideas (e.g., Group Support Systems
[GSS], crowdsourcing, and blogs). Knowledge capture and codification includes gathering new knowledge and
storing it in a machine-readable format. Knowledge classification organizes knowledge using the appropriate
classification related to its use. Knowledge distribution is sharing relevant information with other employees,
suppliers, and consumers, and other internal and external stakeholders through electronic networks—both
public and private. Knowledge utilization involves the appropriate application of knowledge to problem solving
by exploiting opportunities and improving employees’ skills. Intuitively, KM is related to e-learning (e.g., see
Lytras et al. 2013). Finally, knowledge evolution entails updating knowledge as time progresses.
In the past KM and EC initiatives were dealt with independently; however, they can be used together for
mutual benefit.
Examples
According to Britt (2013), “E-commerce retailers are using knowledge management solutions to pull together
order, inventory, sales and other transaction information, as well as to improve customer feedback and to
enhance the overall e-commerce experience.” Britt provides the following examples:
Dog is Good Inc. (a merchant of “‘canine-themed apparel’”) is using KM to help in the integration of EC
subsystems (ordering, inventory, order fulfillment, accounting, and EC stores) using the offerings from
NetSuite.
Ideeli, Inc., an online daily flash retailer, uses KM analytics (ForeSee Satisfaction Analytics) to learn about
customer experiences from collected feedback.
Ideeli, Inc. also uses KM analytics (ForeSee’s mobile analytics solution) to identify the needs of frequent visitors
(by segments on mobile devices). As a result, the company modified its e-commerce strategies.
Retina-X Studios provides tracking and monitoring of activities on mobile phones, computing devices, etc. The
KM system is used to improve the handling of EC chargebacks due to cancellation. The company turned to
Avangate’s e-commerce solution that cut costs and improved customer service.
Some managers believe that a major EC-related role of KM is linking EC and business processes. Specifically,
knowledge generated in EC
Knowledge Management, Advisory
Systems, and Electronic Commerce
• ONLINE ADVICE AND CONSULTING
• Medical advice
• Management consulting
• Legal advice
• Gurus
• Financial advice
• Social networks
• Other advisory services

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Knowledge Management, Advisory
Systems, and Electronic Commerce
Automated Question/Answer (QA) system
A system that locates, extracts, and provides specific answers to user
questions expressed in natural language
Live Chat with Experts

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Knowledge Management, Advisory
Systems, and Electronic Commerce
Expert Location Systems (ELS)
Interactive computerized systems that help employees find and
connect with colleagues who have expertise required for specific
problems—whether they are across the country or across the room—
in order to solve specific, critical business problems in seconds
Seeking Expertise in Social Networks

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Collaborative Commerce
Collaborative Commerce (c-commerce)
The use of digital technologies that enable companies to
collaboratively plan, design, develop, manage, and research products,
services, and innovative EC applications
Collaboration Hub (c-hub)
The central point of control for an e-market; a single c-hub,
representing one e-market owner, can host multiple collaboration
spaces (c-spaces) in which trading partners use c-enablers to
exchange data with the c-hub

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Copyright © 2012 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as
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Collaborative Commerce
• REPRESENTATIVE EXAMPLES OF COLLABORATIVE COMMERCE
• Vendor-Managed Inventory (VMI)
A system in which retailers make their suppliers fully responsible for
determining when to order and possibly how much to order
• Retailer-Supplier Collaboration
• Example: Target, Walmart

Copyright © 2012 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as

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Collaborative Commerce
• Reducing Transportation and Inventory Costs
• Reduction of Design Cycle Time
• Reduction of Product Development Time
• Elimination of Channel Conflict: Collaboration with Dealers and Retailers
• IMPLEMENTING C-COMMERCE
• BARRIERS TO C-COMMERCE
• Overcoming Barriers to Collaboration

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Consumer-to-Consumer
Electronic Commerce
Consumer-to-consumer (C2C) EC
E-commerce model in which consumers sell directly to other
consumers
E-COMMERCE: C2C APPLICATIONS
C2C Auctions
Classified Ads
Personal Services
File-Sharing Utilities: Napster and Others
C2C Activities in Social Networks and Trading Virtual Properties

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Managerial Issues
1. What are the e-government opportunities?
2. How do we design the most cost-efficient government e-
procurement system?
3. How do we design the portfolio of e-learning knowledge sources?
4. How do we incorporate social networking–based learning and
services in our organization?
5. What will the impact be of the e-book platform?

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Managerial Issues
6. How do we connect our expert location system and social
networking initiatives?
7. How difficult is it to introduce e-collaboration?
8. Can we capitalize on C2C EC?
9. How much can be shared with business partners?
10. Who benefits from vendor-managed inventory?

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Summary
1. E-government activities
2. Implementing e-government to citizens, businesses, and its own
operations
3. E-learning and training
4. E-books and their readers
5. Knowledge management and dissemination as an e-business

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Summary
6. Online advisory systems
7. C-commerce
8. Collaboration 2.0
9. C2C activities

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