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Systems Operation, Support & Security

This chapter discusses systems operation, support, and security. It covers user support activities like training and help desks. It also discusses maintenance activities to adapt to changes, improve efficiency, and fix errors. Effective management of system support requires configuration management, version control, and performance monitoring. The chapter emphasizes the importance of security, backups, and dealing with eventual system obsolescence.

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Ay Sy
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43 views25 pages

Systems Operation, Support & Security

This chapter discusses systems operation, support, and security. It covers user support activities like training and help desks. It also discusses maintenance activities to adapt to changes, improve efficiency, and fix errors. Effective management of system support requires configuration management, version control, and performance monitoring. The chapter emphasizes the importance of security, backups, and dealing with eventual system obsolescence.

Uploaded by

Ay Sy
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Systems Analysis & Design 1

10th Edition

CHAPTER 9
Systems Operation, Support
& Security
Phase Description
2

 PLANNING
 ANALYSIS
 Requirements Modeling
 Data & Process Modeling
 Development Strategies
 DESIGN
 Output & User Interface Design
 Data Design
 System Architecture (not covered in syllabus)
 IMPLEMENTATION
 SYSTEMS OPERATION, SUPPORT &
SECURITY
Content
3

 User support activities


 Maintenance activities
 System support
 System performance
 System security
 Data backup & recovery
 System obsolescence
User Support Activities
4

 User Training
 Help Desks
User Training
5

 Initial training – during system


implementation
 Additional training – new employees
 User training package – changes or new
version (similar to initial training)
 Online support (e-mail)
 Special web site
 User guide revision
 Training manual supplement
 Formal training sessions
Help Desks
6

 Centralized resource staffed by IT professionals


that provide user support
 Information centre
 Objectives:
 Show users how to effectively use system resource
 Provide answers to technical & operational questions
 Teach users how to meet their own information
needs
 Interpersonal + technical + business
comprehension
Maintenance Activities
7

 Changing programs, procedures,


documentation
 Adapting to changing requirements
 Improve operation efficiency

orrective, Adaptive, Perfective, Preventiv


Maintenance Type
Corrective Maintenance
8

 Diagnose & fix logic errors


 Scaled down version SDLC
 request – forms, e-mail
 E.g. Incorrect report title, report total,
Adaptive Maintenance
9

 Add enhancement (new feature or


capability)
 Usually due to business environment
change
 New product, services
 Scaled-down version of SDLC
 E.g. new report, data entry field
Perfective Maintenance
10

 To improve efficiency, reliability,


maintainability
 Usually initiated by IT department
 Software reengineering – analytical
technique to identify potential quality
and performance improvements
 E.g. macros, library for code reuse
Preventive Maintenance
11

 Reduces possibility of future system


failures
 Analyses likely trouble areas
 Usually initiated by IT department
 Rarely deserves high priority
 E.g. develop standard backup schedule,
analyze problem report for patterns
Managing System Support
12

 Requires effective management, quality


assurance and cost control
 Strategies:
 Maintenance team
 Configuration management process
 Maintenance release procedure
 Version control & baseline
Maintenance Team
13

 System administrator
 Manage computer & network system
 System analyst
 Investigate and locate problem source
 Programmers
 Application, systems & database
programmer
 Programmer/analyst
Organizational & communication
skill, Analysis & synthesis skill
Maintenan
14
ce
Request

Initial
Determinati
on System
Review
Committe
Completio e
n of Work

User
Notificatio
n
Configuration Management
15

 Process for controlling changes in


system requirements (development
phase) and managing system changes
and cost (operational phase)
 Allows IT staff to:
 Manage system versions
 Organize & handle documentation
Maintenance Release
16

 Maintenance release methodology –


withheld noncritical changes until they
can be implemented
 Document changes & install as new
version called release
 Uses numbering pattern, starting with 1.0
 1.4  1.5 – minor enhancements
 1.0  2.0 – significant upgrade
 Service pack – maintenance release for
commercial software
Version Control & Baseline
17

 Version control – process of tracking


system release (versions)
 Prior releases are archived
 System librarian
System Performance
18

 System performance depends on


integration of system components
(clients, servers & network)
 Benchmark testing – measure system
performance
 Performance metrics:
 Response time
 Bandwidth & throughput
 Turnaround time
System Maintenance Tools
19

 Performance monitor
 Program analyzer
 Interactive debugging analyzer
 Reengineering tools
 Automated documentation
 Network activity monitor
 Workload forecasting tool
System Security
20

Security
Level
Data Backup & Recovery
21

 Backup policy – procedures & instructions


 Backup media
 Labeled correctly
 Offsiting
 Schedules
 Time consuming & redundant
 Full backup, incremental backup
 Retention periods
 Disaster recovery issues
 Hot site & data replication
Data Obsolescence
22

 Increase adaptive & maintenance cost


 Increase operational & execution cost
 Availability of a better, cheaper software
package
 New technology
 Difficult & expensive maintenance
 New feature request
Chapter Summary
23

 Systems operation, security, and support


covers the entire period from the
implementation of an information
system until the system no longer is
used
 A systems analyst’s primary involvement
with an operational system is to manage
and solve user support requests
Chapter Summary
24

 Systems analysts need the same talents


and abilities for maintenance work as they
use when developing a new system
 Configuration management is necessary to
handle maintenance requests
 System performance measurements
include response time, bandwidth,
throughput, and turnaround time
 All information systems eventually become
obsolete
Chapter Summary
25

 An IT professional should have a


strategic career plan that includes long-
term goals and intermediate milestones
 An important element of a personal
strategic plan is the acquisition of IT
credentials and certifications that
document specific knowledge and skills

 Chapter 9 complete

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