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Distributed Control System (DCS) : Presented by

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Lool Loly
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65 views

Distributed Control System (DCS) : Presented by

Uploaded by

Lool Loly
Copyright
© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Distributed control system

(DCS)

Presented by :
OLA ABUGRARA SWISY .

Supervisor by :
D : ALI OkOk .
 Introduction
Society's dependence on computer
technology has increased tremendously in the
past twenty years. These technological
advances have lead to the use of Distributed
Control Systems (DCS) in controlling and
automating many necessary processes .
Examples include air traffic control, electrical
power generation and distribution and water
treatment .
DCS
OVERVIEW
 DCS OVERVIEW
As in implied by its name, a distributed
control system (DCS) is one whose
functions are distributed rather than
centralized . A DCS consists of a number of
microprocessor-based modules that work
together to control and monitor a plant's
operations .
DCS use decentralized elements or
subsystems to control distributed
processes or complete manufacturing
systems . They do not require user
intervention for routine operation, but
may permit operator interaction via a
supervisory control and data acquisition
(SCADA) interface.
DCS differ in terms of complexity and
applications. Smaller implementations
may consist of a single programmable logic
controller (PLC) connected to a computer
in a remote office. Larger, more complex
DCS installations are also PLC-based, but
use special enclosures for subsystems that
provide both I/O and communication .
 Objectives of DCS :
 Safe operation of plant .
 Lowest cost of generation .
 Longest equipment life .
 Minimum environmental effect .
 Maximum efficiency .
 Energy conversation .
 DCS Applications :
 Electrical power grids and electrical
generation plants .
 Environmental control systems .
 Traffic signals .
 Water management systems .
 Oil refining plants .
 Chemical plants .
 Pharmaceutical manufacturing .
 Sensor networks .
 Dry cargo and bulk oil carrier ships .
 DCS functions :
 Control loops .
 Execute special programmed logic .
 Monitor inputs .
 Alarm the plant operations .
 Trend, log and report data .
 Perform many other functions .
 DCS Hardware Modules
Remote Control Panel (RTU) :

The remote panel is variously referred to as


a Remote Transmission Unit (RTU). A
typical RTU contains terminal blocks,
input/output modules (both analog and
digital), a computer or proprietary
processor, and a communications interface.
A RTU, depending upon where it is located
in the world, can perform both monitoring
and control of a given process or processes .
.
Fig1 : Basic structure for typical RTUs
 Communications Medium :

The communications medium in a


distributed control system (DCS) is a
wired or wireless link which connects the
remote control panel (RTU) to central
control panel, SCADA, or human machine
interface (HMI).
 Central Control :
Every facility has a control room from which
the plant manager, supervisor or operator
monitors and controls the process. When
using a DCS, the control room is the center
of activity and provides the means for
effectively monitoring and controlling the
process or facility. The control room
contains the HMI or Human-Machine
Interface, a computer that runs specialized
software designed for that purpose .
Fig2 : Central Control Room
 How it work?
Basically, DCS system receives input signals
from other devices, these signals will be
processed and analyzed by DCS CPU and
. based on the result an action will be taken
There are many sensors and transducers
inside the plant converts physical quantities
such as pressure, temperature to an
.electrical quantity
these devices called Transmitters they
transmit the electrical signals represents
physical quantities to DCS System.
There could be thousand of transmitters in
a factory sending signals to DCS. The
electrical signals could be either analog or
digital, for analog signals they could be in
one of the following cases 4 to 20mA, 1 to
5VDC or resistance.
Fig3 : Basic configuration of a DCS System
DCS SCADA
In one plant Distributed across a wide area

High availability of power Power may be intermittent or


non existent

Fast and robust Communications can be slow


communications and drop out regularly

Control equipment may reside Equipment may be installed in a


in a temp. controlled room hostile environment
PLC DCS
run in milliseconds fast run in fractional second
will run in stand-alone expects an operator
configuration interface
have redundant media has communication, I/O
support hardware redundancy

is more of a "do-it- vendor tries to be your


yourself" device "one-stop shop
Fig 4 : a Typical DCS system
Fig 5 : Typical PLC-based System Architecture
Thank you

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