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Wastewater Treatment Processes

Biological wastewater treatment uses microorganisms like bacteria to remove pollutants through biochemical reactions. There are two main types - suspended growth processes where microbes are suspended, like activated sludge, and attached growth processes where microbes attach to a substrate, like trickling filters. Activated sludge is an aerobic suspended growth process where wastewater is mixed with bacteria in aeration tanks and the bacteria feed on dissolved solids, then separated from treated water. Trickling filters are aerobic attached growth systems where wastewater trickles over a media covered with bacteria that feed on pollutants.

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Hazem Almasry
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168 views8 pages

Wastewater Treatment Processes

Biological wastewater treatment uses microorganisms like bacteria to remove pollutants through biochemical reactions. There are two main types - suspended growth processes where microbes are suspended, like activated sludge, and attached growth processes where microbes attach to a substrate, like trickling filters. Activated sludge is an aerobic suspended growth process where wastewater is mixed with bacteria in aeration tanks and the bacteria feed on dissolved solids, then separated from treated water. Trickling filters are aerobic attached growth systems where wastewater trickles over a media covered with bacteria that feed on pollutants.

Uploaded by

Hazem Almasry
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Wastewater

Treatment
Processes
Biological waste water treatment
1. It is a type of waste water treatment in which microorganisms such as
bacteria are used to remove pollutants from waste water through bio-
chemical reaction.

Classification of biological Waste water methods

Suspended and attached Aerobic and


treatment anaerobic
Suspended growth process is a biological Aerobic: biological treatment is a
w.w.t in which microorganisms are process in which the pollutants in the
maintained in suspension while converting waste water (organic matter) are
organic matter to gases and cell tissue stabilized by microorganisms in the
(Activated sludge). presence of molecular oxygen
Attached growth is a biological w.w.t in Anaerobic: biological treatment is a
which microorganisms responsible for the process in which the pollutants in the
conversion of organic matter to gases waste water (organic matter) are
and cell tissue are attached to some stabilized by microorganisms in the
material such as rocks, sand, or plastic absence of molecular oxygen
(Trickling filter).
Activated Sludge System
Process Description:
• It is aerobic suspended growth biological wastewater
treatment method in which dissolved organic and
inorganic matter can be removed.
•Thistreatment is achieved in tanks called aeration tanks.
Oxygen is supplied to these tanks to allow aerobic
biochemical reaction to occur.
•In the aeration tank, the microorganisms feed on
dissolved solids mainly organic matter and produce large
amounts of bacteria (colonies). This means that
microorganisms convert dissolved solids into suspended
solids (the bacterial colonies).
Activated Sludge System
Process Description:
•After the aeration tank, a secondary sedimentation tank
is installed to separate the bacteria from liquid
•The separated bacteria is called activated sludge. Part of
the sludge is wasted and the remaining part is returned
back (Recycle) to the aeration tank. The recycle of the
sludge to aeration tank is very important to keep a
specific concentration of the bacteria in the system to
perform wastewater treatment.
•The mixture of wastewater with bacteria in the aeration
tank is called mixed liquor suspended solids (MLSS)
Principal of activated sludge
Q, So Aerated Tank (Q + Qr)
Secondary (Q - Qw)
X, S, V Sedimentation
Tank S, Xe

Recycle Qr, Xr, S


Qw, Xr

Q = waste water flow rate So = concentration of pollutants such as


BOD
X = the mixed liquor suspended solids
concentration (MLSS) bacteria S = concentration of dissolved pollutants
concentration in the aerated tank and the effluent
Xr = concentration of recycled activated V = volume of the aerated tank
sludge
Xe = effluent suspended solids
concentration
Qw = waste sludge flow rate
Qr = return sludge flow rate
Principal of Trickling Filter
1. Trickling filter is an aerobic attached growth biological system
2. The major components of the trickling filter are:
• The tank
• Rotary distributor
• Filter media (crushed stones, gravel, plastic)
• Under drain system
• Ventilation
Ventilator
Principal of Trickling Filter

3. Biological process
• The bacteria is attached to the filter media forming a biological layer called also
bio-film
• Sprinkled wastewater over the filter media forms liquid film including food and
dissolved oxygen.
• The bacteria (bio-film) absorbs the organic matter and oxidized it producing
CO2, H2O, NH3 and new cell
• The biological layer consists of aerobic and anaerobic partitions.
• When the mass of the bio-film increase the lower layer will be anaerobic with
lower food supply which will lead to the decrease of the attaching force
between the bio-film and the filter media. In this case the bio-film is sloughed
out (disconnected) and flows out with the wastewater to the final sedimentation
tank where it settles.

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