By
Dr. Ishita Singhal
Introduction
Mandibular central incisors are two in number
Mandibular central incisor and lateral are similar
in anatomy and complement each other in function
They are smaller than the maxillary central incisors
Mandibular central incisor erupts between the age of 7
and 8 years
First tooth from the midline in each lower quadrant
Introduction
Mandibular central incisors are narrowest tooth mesio-
distally
Function- bite and cutting
TOOTH NUMBERING
SYSTEMS
UNIVERSAL SYSTEM - 24,25
ZSIGMONDY / PALMER - 1
1
FDI - 31 ,
SYSTEM 41
41 31
MANDIBULAR CENTRAL INCISOR
Average Dimensions in millimeters
Crown Root Mesiodistal Mesiodistal Labiolingual Labiolingual Curvature of
Length Length Diameter at Diameter at Diameter at Diameter at Cervical Line
Contact Area Cervical Line Crest of Curvature Cervical Line M D
9.0 12.5 5.0 3.5 6.0 5.3 3.0 2.0
CHRONOLOGY
First evidence of calcification 3-4 months
Crown completion 4-5 years
Eruption 6-8 years
Root completion 10 years
Labial Aspect
Labial surface of mandibular central incisor is very small
Narrowest tooth mesiodistally of all permanent teeth
Bilaterally symmetrical
Narrowest tooth in the dentition
Both mesioincisal and
distoincisal angles are
sharp
It is the only incisor where both mesioincisal
and distoincisal angles are sharp and at right angles
Mamelons are usually present on newly emerged teeth
3 Mamelons (like Maxilary incisor)
Lingual Aspect
The lingual aspect is concave from the incisal edge to the
cervical line
Cingulum is smooth and barely visible
Shallow lingual fossa
and smooth cingulum
The surface is smooth and devoid of any grooves
No other tooth in the mouth, except the mandibular
lateral incisor, shows so few developmental lines and
grooves
Mesial Aspect
The labial outline is almost straight, except near cervical
third where it is convex
The lingual margin is ‘S’ shaped
The cervical line on the mesial and distal surface is
convex incisally
‘S’ shaped lingual
surface
Cervical line
convex
incisally
CONTACT AREA
Labial surface inclined
lingually
Mesial aspect
Distal aspect
Distal surface is very similar to the mesial surface
The cervical line is less curved
CONTACT AREA
Incisal aspect
This aspect illustrates bilateral
symmetry of this tooth
Labiolingual diameter is greater
than
mesiodistal diameter
Newly erupted teeth show
mamelons which wear off upon
mastication
Roo
Normally single and straight
t
From labial or lingual view, root is
symmetrical
generally & tapers gradually to a relatively sharp
apex
From mesial or distal view, root is much wider& it is
slightly convex cervico-apically on both labial &
lingual margins
Central portion of mesial and distal surfaces is usually
flattened, or concave
In cross section at neck, outline is roughly a rectangle with
rounded corners, but it is slightly wider at labial than at
lingual.
When there are root concavities present, they are
reflected as concavities in the mesial and distal outlines.
The mid root cross section is similar to the cervical
section, only more ovoid.
TRAITS
ARCH TRAITS CENTRAL INCISOR
MAXILLARY MANDIBULAR CENTRAL INCISOR
1. Crown wider Mesiodistally than 1. Crown wider labiolingually than
labiolingually Mesiodistally
2. Lingual fossa pronounced often with 2. Lingual fossa shallow without grooves
lingual pit or pits
3. More prominent cingulum and 3. Not prominent
marginal ridges
TYPE TRAITS
CROWN CENTRAL INCISOR LATERAL INCISOR
1. LABIAL ASPECT
Symmetry Symmetrical Bilaterally Asymmetrical
Mesioincisal angle Sharp(90 degrees) Some rounding
Distoincisal angle Sharp(90 degrees) More rounded
Mesial contact Incisal third Incisal third
Distal contact Incisal third Incisal third
2. INCISAL ASPECT Incisal ridge form right angle Incisal ridge twisted on crown
with labio-lingual bisecting
line
