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ADC (Analog-To-Digital Converter) and Sensor Interfacing

This document discusses analog to digital conversion and sensor interfacing. It covers ADC modes that can be selected by setting bits in the SFIOR register. Examples of analog sensors are presented, including temperature, light, pressure, and gas sensors. Reading analog sensor values on an Arduino using analogRead() is demonstrated. The document also covers digital to analog conversion using a DAC, and provides an example of generating a sawtooth wave using a DAC and microcontroller ports.

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Abdullah Muzammil
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83 views

ADC (Analog-To-Digital Converter) and Sensor Interfacing

This document discusses analog to digital conversion and sensor interfacing. It covers ADC modes that can be selected by setting bits in the SFIOR register. Examples of analog sensors are presented, including temperature, light, pressure, and gas sensors. Reading analog sensor values on an Arduino using analogRead() is demonstrated. The document also covers digital to analog conversion using a DAC, and provides an example of generating a sawtooth wave using a DAC and microcontroller ports.

Uploaded by

Abdullah Muzammil
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Advanced Embedded

Systems
ADC (analog-to-digital converter)
and
Sensor Interfacing

Lecture 0902

The AVR Microcontroller and Embedded Systems using Assembly and C


by
M. A. Mazidi, S. Naimi and S. Naimi

1
2 2
ADC Modes

3 3
ADC Modes

If ADATE bit is 1,
We can use other modes as well by setting
ADTS2:0 in SFIOR register

ADTS2 ADTS1 ADTS0 Trigger Source


0 0 0 Free Running mode
0 0 1 Analog Comparator
0 1 0 External Interrupt Request 0
0 1 1 Timer/Counter0 Compare Match
1 0 0 Timer/Counter0 Overflow
1 0 1 Timer/Counter1 Compare Match B
1 1 0 Timer/Counter1 Overflow
1 1 1 Timer/Counter1 Capture Event

4 4
Differential Mode ADC

5 5
Differential Mode ADC

6 6
ADC on Arduino
 analogRead(pin)
 pin: the name of the analog input pin to read
from. A0 to A7 on UNO
 Returns: Digital Equivalent of Analog value

 int val = analogRead(A0);

7 7
Example of Different
Analog Sensors

8
8
Analog Input Sensors
Vcc , GND , Signal

LM 35 MQ Series Liquid Mpx5700


Gas Sensor Level Gas Pressure
Sensor Sensor

Soil MicroPhone Flame Magnetic/Current


Moisture Sound Sensor Sensor
Sensor Sensor
9
Resistive Sensors

Flex Sensor Force Sensor


(Bend/Deflection) (Pressure)

Light Dependent
Resistor
10
Temperature Sensor (LM35)

 Convert temperature to voltage


 10mV for each degree

11
Temperature vs. Vout for AVR
(with Vref = 2.56)  
 
S

12
Get data from LM35 sensor interfaced to channel 0 (ADC0) of ADC and
displays the result on Port D.
#include <avr/io.h> #include <avr/io.h>

int main (void) int main (void)


{ {
DDRB = 0xFF; DDRB = 0xFF;
DDRD = 0xFF;

ADCSRA= 0x87; ADCSRA= 0x87;


ADMUX= 0xC0; ADMUX= 0xE0;

while(1) while(1)
{ {
ADCSRA = ADCSRA | 0x40; ADCSRA = ADCSRA | 0x40;

while((ADCSRA & 0x10)==0); while((ADCSRA & 0x10)==0);

ADCSRA = ADCSRA | 0x10; ADCSRA = ADCSRA | 0x10;

PORTD = ADCL;
PORTB = ADCH; PORTB = ADCH;

} }
} }
13
DAC
(digital-to-analog
converter)

14
14
DAC (digital-to-analog converter)
Vout

4
3
2

VREF 1
Step size = 0 input
Num of steps 00 01 10 11

VOUT = num × step size

Binary number n
(input) DAC VOUT

Vref

15
Connecting a DAC to the Microcontroller

Micro. +5V +5V


DAC0808
5K
Vcc
Vref(+)
Vref(-)
PD0 D0 5K 5k

To scope
OUT –
VOUT = 0 to 10V
+ 1k
Comp
0.1uF
100 pF
PD7 D7
VEE -12V

GND

16
Generating a saw-tooth wave using DAC
#include <avr/io.h> LDI R16, 0xFF
OUT DDRD, R16
int main (void)
{
unsigned char i = 0; //define a counter AGAIN:
DDRD = 0xFF; //make Port D an output

while (1) //do forever INC R16


{
PORTD = i; //copy i into PORTD to be converted OUT PORTD, R16
i++; //increment the counter
}
} NOP
NOP
Volt
VREFH RJMP AGAIN

Time

17

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