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Interpolation: Presented by Parkhe Ravindra Ambadas

This document discusses different methods of interpolation. It introduces Lagrange interpolation, Newton forward and backward difference interpolation, and Hermite interpolation. Examples are provided to demonstrate calculating interpolated values using Newton forward and backward difference interpolation and Lagrange interpolation. Questions are also provided for review related to defining interpolation, comparing forward and backward difference methods, and using Lagrange interpolation to find values.

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Ravi Parkhe
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70 views

Interpolation: Presented by Parkhe Ravindra Ambadas

This document discusses different methods of interpolation. It introduces Lagrange interpolation, Newton forward and backward difference interpolation, and Hermite interpolation. Examples are provided to demonstrate calculating interpolated values using Newton forward and backward difference interpolation and Lagrange interpolation. Questions are also provided for review related to defining interpolation, comparing forward and backward difference methods, and using Lagrange interpolation to find values.

Uploaded by

Ravi Parkhe
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Interpolation

Presented by
PARKHE RAVINDRA AMBADAS

PARKHE R A INTERPOLATION 1
Interpolation
Interpolation is defined as calculating of given function
at intermediate value of independent variable.
Interpolation is classified as

Interpolation

Lagrange's Inverse Newton's Hermit


Interpolation Interpolation Interpolation Interpolation

PARKHE R A INTERPOLATION 2
Interpolation
X Y
x1=12 y1=25 find value of Y at given X
where X is 12<X<27
x2=15 y1=30 Here for example it will be asked to
x1=18 y1=25 find Y at 15.5

x2=21 y1=35
x1=24 y1=40
x2=27 y1=50
PARKHE R A INTERPOLATION 3
Newton's Forward Difference interpolation
X x1 x2 x3 x4 x5 x6 find value of Y at given Xg
Y y1 y2 y3 y4 y5 y6 where X g is X0<Xg<Xn

Forward difference Table


X Y y y y y
x1 y1 y1=y2-y1 y1=y2-y1 y1=y2-y1 y2=y3-y2
y2=y3-y2 y2=y3-y2
x2 y2 y2=y3-y2
y3=y4-y3
x3 y3 y3=y4-y3
x4 y4

u(u−1) u(u−1)(u−2) u(u−1)(u−2)(u−3)


yg=y1+u×y1+ 2!
× 2y1 + 3!
× 3y1 + 4!
× 4y1

h=(x2-x1)=(x3-x2)

u=(xg-x1)/h

PARKHE R A INTERPOLATION 4
 Calculate f (3.5) using forward difference formula.
x 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
y 19 48 99 178 291 444 643 894

Solution: Forward difference Table


X Y Dy D 2y D 3y D 4y D 5y D 6y D 7y h=(x2-x1)=3-2=1
2 19 29 22 6 0 0 0 0
3 48 51 28 6 0 0 0
4 99 u=(xg-x1)/h=(3.5-2)/1=1.5
79 34 6 0 0
5 178 113 40 6 0
6 291 153 46 6
7 444 199 52
8 643 251
9 894

By using Forward difference formula


u(u−1) u(u−1)(u−2) u(u−1)(u−2)(u−3)
yg=y1+u×y1+ 2!
× 2y1 + 3!
× 3y1 + 4!
× 4y1

yg=70.3750
PARKHE R A INTERPOLATION 5
Newton's Backward Difference interpolation
X x1 x2 x3 x4 x5 x6 find value of Y at given Xg
Y y1 y2 y3 y4 y5 y6 where X g is X0<Xg<Xn

Forward difference Table


X Y y y y  y
x1 y1
x2 y2 y1=y2-y1 y1=y2-y1
y2=y3-y2
x3 y3 y2=y3-y2 y1=y2-y1
y3=y4-y3 y2=y3-y2
x4 y4 y3=y4-y3 y2=y3-y2

u(u−1) u(u−1)(u−2) u(u−1)(u−2)(u−3)


yg=yn+u×yn+ × 2yn + × 3yn + × 4yn
2! 3! 4!

h=(x2-x1)=(x3-x2)

u=(xg-x1)/h

PARKHE R A INTERPOLATION 6
 Calculate f (4.12) using Backward difference formula.
x 0 1 2 3 4 5
f(x) 1 2 4 8 16 32

Solution: Backward difference


Table h=(x2-x1)=1-0=1
x y Dy D2y D3y D4y D5y
0 1 u=(xn-xg)/h=(5-
1 2 1 4.12)/1=0.88
2 4 2 1
3 8 4 2 1
4 16 8 4 2 1
5 32 16 8 4 2 1
By using Backwarddifference formula
u(u−1) u(u−1)(u−2) u(u−1)(u−2)(u−3)
yg=y1+u×y1+ 2!
× 2y1 + 3!
× 3y1 + 4!
× 4y1

yg=11.279167
PARKHE R A INTERPOLATION 7
Lagrange's Interpolation
Lagrange’s Interpolation formula is applicable for any kind
of step size i.e. step size is equally spaced or unequally
spaced
X x1 x2 x3 x4 find value of Y at given Xg
Y y1 y2 y3 y4 where X g is X0<Xg<Xn

 To solve by Lagrange's method we need to calculate L0, L1,L2L3……


values by using formulae's as

ሺ𝑥𝑔 − 𝑥1ሻሺ𝑥𝑔 − 𝑥2ሻ(𝑥𝑔 − 𝑥3)


𝐿0 =
ሺ𝑥0 − 𝑥1ሻሺ𝑥0 − 𝑥2ሻ(𝑥0 − 𝑥3)

ሺ𝑥𝑔 − 𝑥0ሻሺ𝑥𝑔 − 𝑥2ሻ(𝑥𝑔 − 𝑥3)


𝐿1 =
ሺ𝑥1 − 𝑥0ሻሺ𝑥1 − 𝑥2ሻ(𝑥1 − 𝑥3) yg=L0×y0+ L1×y1+ L2×y2+ L3×y3
ሺ𝑥𝑔 − 𝑥0ሻሺ𝑥𝑔 − 𝑥1ሻ(𝑥𝑔 − 𝑥3)
𝐿2 =
ሺ𝑥2 − 𝑥0ሻሺ𝑥2 − 𝑥1ሻ(𝑥2 − 𝑥3)

ሺ𝑥𝑔 − 𝑥0ሻሺ𝑥𝑔 − 𝑥1ሻ(𝑥𝑔 − 𝑥2)


𝐿3 =
ሺ𝑥3 − 𝑥0ሻሺ𝑥3 − 𝑥1ሻ(𝑥3 − 𝑥2)

PARKHE R A INTERPOLATION 8
•Using Langranges interpolation formula for given set of values find y(1.5)

X 0 1 2 5
Y=f(x) 2 3 12 147

Solution: Using Langranges interpolation formula

ሺ1.5−1ሻሺ1.5−2ሻ(1.5−5)
𝐿0 = ሺ0−1ሻሺ0−2ሻ(0−5)
= -0.0875 yg=L0×y0+ L1×y1+ L2×y2+ L3×y3
ሺ1.5−0ሻሺ1.5−2ሻ(1.5−5)
𝐿1 = ሺ1−0ሻሺ1−2ሻ(1−5)
= 0.6562 yg= (-0.0875× 2) +(0.6562×3 )+(0.4375×12 )+( -0.00625×147 )
ሺ1.5−0ሻሺ1.5−1ሻ(1.5−5)
𝐿2 = ሺ2−0ሻሺ2−1ሻ(2−5)
= 0.4375 yg=6.125
ሺ1.5−0ሻሺ1.5−1ሻ(1.5−2)
𝐿3 = ሺ5−0ሻሺ5−1ሻ(5−2)
= -0.00625

PARKHE R A INTERPOLATION 9
QUESTIONS FOR REVIEW:
1. What is INTERPOLATION?
2. What is the difference between forward difference and backward difference method?
3. Which method is useful for problems with unequal spacing in x values.
4. Write short note on INVERSE INTERPOLATION.

5. The upward velocity of a rocket is given as a function of time in Table 1. Velocity as a


function of time

6. Find y(1.3) using Lagrange’s interpolation formula, given

7. A set of values of x and f(x) are given below. Using Lagrange’s interpolation formula,
find f (9).

PARKHE R A INTERPOLATION 10
1. For following data using Forward difference polynomials. Interpolate at x=0.25

2. Estimate f(7.5) using Newton Backward difference interpolation Formula

3. Estimate f(4.5) using Newton Backward difference interpolation Formula

PARKHE R A INTERPOLATION 11
Thank You
PARKHE R A INTERPOLATION 12

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