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Lecture 15 Cardiovascular Disease

Cardiovascular diseases are the number one cause of death globally, responsible for 17.7 million deaths in 2015. The main types of cardiovascular diseases are coronary heart disease, cerebrovascular disease, peripheral arterial disease, rheumatic heart disease, and congenital heart disease. Heart attacks and strokes are often acute events caused by blockages preventing blood flow. Common symptoms of heart attacks and strokes include chest pain, numbness, confusion, and weakness. Major risk factors include age, genetics, sex, diet, physical inactivity, tobacco use, and air pollution. Up to 90% of cardiovascular disease may be preventable through lifestyle changes like quitting smoking, healthy diet, exercise, and stress reduction.

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188 views19 pages

Lecture 15 Cardiovascular Disease

Cardiovascular diseases are the number one cause of death globally, responsible for 17.7 million deaths in 2015. The main types of cardiovascular diseases are coronary heart disease, cerebrovascular disease, peripheral arterial disease, rheumatic heart disease, and congenital heart disease. Heart attacks and strokes are often acute events caused by blockages preventing blood flow. Common symptoms of heart attacks and strokes include chest pain, numbness, confusion, and weakness. Major risk factors include age, genetics, sex, diet, physical inactivity, tobacco use, and air pollution. Up to 90% of cardiovascular disease may be preventable through lifestyle changes like quitting smoking, healthy diet, exercise, and stress reduction.

Uploaded by

HHGV JGYGU
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Lecture 15

CARDIO VASCULAR DISEASE(CVD)


AND ITS PREVENTION

Instructor :shakina Sultana


CVD is the #1 killer

• CVDs are the number 1 cause of death globally

• 17.7 million people died from CVDs in 2015

• 7.4 million were due to coronary heart disease and


6.7 million were due to stroke
What are cardiovascular diseases
• CORONARY HEART DISEASE – disease of the
blood vessels supplying the heart muscle
What are cardiovascular diseases
• CEREBROVASCULAR DISEASE – disease of the
blood vessels supplying the brain
What are cardiovascular diseases?

• PERIPHERAL ARTERIAL DISEASE – disease of


blood vessels supplying the arms and legs
What are cardiovascular diseases
• RHEUMATIC HEART DISEASE – damage to the
heart muscle and heart valves from rheumatic
fever, caused by streptococcal bacteria
What are cardiovascular diseases
CONGENITAL HEART DISEASE – malformations of
heart structure existing at birth
Heart attacks and strokes

• Acute events
• Mainly caused by a blockage that prevents
blood from flowing to the heart or brain

• Strokes can also be caused by bleeding from a


blood vessel in the brain or from blood clots.
Heart attacks and strokes

• A build-up of fatty
deposits on the inner
walls of the blood
vessels that supply the
heart
What are common symptoms of heart attack?

• Symptoms of a heart attack include:


 Pain or discomfort in the center of the chest;
 Pain or discomfort in the arms, the left
shoulder, elbows, jaw, or back.
What are common symptoms of heart attack?

• In addition the person may experience

 difficulty in breathing or shortness of breath;


 feeling sick or vomiting;
 feeling light-headed or faint;
 breaking into a cold sweat; and becoming pale.
 Women are more likely to have shortness of breath,
nausea, vomiting, and back or jaw pain.
Common symptoms of stroke
The most common symptom of a stroke is sudden weakness of the face,
arm, or leg, most often on one side of the body.
• Other symptoms :
a. numbness of the face, arm, or leg, especially on one side of the body;
b. confusion, difficulty speaking or understanding speech;
c. difficulty seeing with one or both eyes;
d. difficulty walking, dizziness, loss of balance or coordination;
e. severe headache with no known cause; and
f. fainting or unconsciousness.

People experiencing these symptoms should seek medical care


immediately.
Risk factors for CVD?
o Genetics
o Age: 82 % of people who die of coronary heart
disease are 65 and older.
o Sex: Men are at greater risk of heart disease than pre-
menopausal women
o Unhealthy diet,
o Physical inactivity,
o Tobacco use and harmful use of alcohol
Risk factors for cardiovascular disease

• Air pollution :Particulate matter has been


studied for its short- and long-term exposure
effects on cardiovascular disease
Risk factors for cardiovascular disease
• Occupational exposure
A 2017 SBU report found evidence that workplace
exposure to silica dust, engine exhaust or welding
fumes is associated with heart disease
PREVENTION
Up to 90% of cardiovascular disease may be preventable if established risk factors are avoided

• Tobacco cessation and avoidance of second-


hand smoke.
Smoking cessation reduces risk by about 35%.

• Low-fat, low-sugar, high-fiber diet including


whole grains and fruit and vegetables.
PREVENTION

• At least 150 minutes (2 hours and 30 minutes)


of moderate exercise per week.
• Limit alcohol consumption
• Decrease LDL cholesterol
• Decrease body fat if overweight or obese
• Decrease psychosocial stress

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