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Lecture - 2 - Regenerative Gas Turbine P. Plants

The document describes an ideal gas turbine cycle with regeneration, intercooling, and reheating. It provides details of the thermodynamic processes involved in the cycle and equations to calculate efficiency. It then presents 10 problems analyzing gas turbine cycles of varying complexity, including cycles with multiple compression and expansion stages, non-ideal components, and regenerators of different efficiencies. The problems calculate values like work, heat input, efficiency, and optimal pressure ratios.

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Hew Let
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243 views27 pages

Lecture - 2 - Regenerative Gas Turbine P. Plants

The document describes an ideal gas turbine cycle with regeneration, intercooling, and reheating. It provides details of the thermodynamic processes involved in the cycle and equations to calculate efficiency. It then presents 10 problems analyzing gas turbine cycles of varying complexity, including cycles with multiple compression and expansion stages, non-ideal components, and regenerators of different efficiencies. The problems calculate values like work, heat input, efficiency, and optimal pressure ratios.

Uploaded by

Hew Let
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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POWER PLANTS

Course Name: (ME 413 & ME 413L) Credit Hours: (3, 1)


University of Engineering & Technology, Lahore (Narowal Campus)
GAS TURBINE POWER PLANTS
GAS TURBINE POWER PLANTS
POWER PLANTS
GAS TURBINE REGENERATION CYCLE

The regeneration is performed to increase the thermal efficiency of the gas turbine power plant. This will
not affect the output of the gas turbine rather there is saving in fuel consumption. The exhaust gases coming
from turbine are feed to the regenerator (heat exchanger) and heat is transferred from these product gases to
the air which is compressed by compressor. The preheated air enters into combustion chamber.
GAS TURBINE REGENERATION CYCLE
GAS TURBINE REGENERATION CYCLE

The processes involved in regenerating cycle are as;

1-2 Isentropic compression of air by the compressor


2-3 Constant pressure heat in the regenerator
3-4 Constant pressure heating in the combustion chamber
4-5 isentropic expansion of product gases in the turbine
5-6 Constant pressure cooling in the regenerator
GAS TURBINE REGENERATION CYCLE
GAS TURBINE REGENERATION CYCLE
The efficiency of regenerator;

ɳR = Heat received by air / max. heat available in the heat exchanger = CPa (T3-T2) / CPg (T5-T2)

For Ideal case; T5 = T3’

Thermal ratio = (T3-T2) / (T5-T2)


GAS TURBINE POWER PLANT WITH
INTERCOOLING AND REHEATING
GAS TURBINE POWER PLANT WITH
INTERCOOLING AND REHEATING
Intercooling is performed in two stage compression in between the compressors to save work input to the
compressors and to get same pressure ratio. Reheating of exhaust gases coming from high pressure turbine is
performed to reheat these gases to the same temperature as at the inlet of H.P.T.

For ideal intercooling T1 = T3, and for ideal reheating T5 = T7. By introducing these processes (intercooling &
reheating), the thermal efficiency of the gas turbine power plant is enhanced.
GAS TURBINE POWER PLANT WITH
INTERCOOLING AND REHEATING
GAS TURBINE POWER PLANT WITH
INTERCOOLING AND REHEATING
The processes involved in gas turbine power plant with intercooling and reheating are as follows;

 1-2 Isentropic compression of air in low pressure compressor (L.P.C)


 2-3 constant pressure cooling of air in the intercooler
 3-4 Isentropic compression of air in high pressure compressor (H.P.C)
 4-5 Constant pressure heating in the combustion chamber (C.C - I)
 5-6 Isentropic expansion of product gases in the gas turbine, producing work output (H.P.T)
 6-7 Constant pressure heating in the combustion chamber (C.C - II)
 7-8 Isentropic expansion of product gases in low pressure turbine (L.P.T)
GAS TURBINE POWER PLANT WITH
INTERCOOLING AND REHEATING
WC = work of compression = CPa * [(T2 - T1) + (T4 - T3)]
WT = work of Turbine = CPg * [(T5 - T6) + (T7 - T8)]

Wnet = WT – WC
Qtotal = total heat supplied = CPg * [(T5 - T4) + (T7 - T6)]

ɳth = Wnet / Qtotal


PROBLEM # 04
A helium gas turbine cycle has compressor and turbine, isentropic efficiencies of 80% and 90% and
pressure ratio of 2.5and 2.4 respectively. The compressor has one stage of intercooling and turbine has one
stage of reheating. The cycle is regenerative with the efficiency of 85%. The cycle minimum and
maximum temperatures are 37oC and 1100oC respectively.

Calculate;
 The cycle efficiency
 The cycle power for helium mass flow rate of 90 kg/sec

Note: (CP for helium is 5.19 KJ/kg. K & γ = CP / CV = 1.667)


PROBLEM # 04
PROBLEM # 04
PROBLEM # 04
Data Given:
T1 = 37+273 = 310 K
T6 = T8 =1100 + 273 = 1373 K
ɳC = 0.80
ɳT = 0.90
ɳR = 0.85
rP1 = 2.5 & rP2 = 2.4

Find;
(a) ɳth = ?
(b) Ẇnet = ?
PROBLEM # 04
For isentropic compression 1-2
T2/T1 = (P2/P1)[(γ-1)/γ] = (rP1)[(γ-1)/γ] = (2.5)(0.667/1.667) gives T2 = 447 K

ɳC = [CP(T2-T1)]/[CP(T2a-T1)]
0.8 = (447-310) / (T2a -310)
T2a = 481.85 K
For ideal intercooling T1 = T3 = 310 K

For isentropic compression from 3-4


T4/T3 = (P4/P3)[(γ-1)/γ] = (rP2)[(γ-1)/γ] = (2.4)(0.667/1.667) gives T4 = 440 K
ɳC = [CP(T4-T3)]/[CP(T4a-T3)] gives T4a = 472.5 K
PROBLEM # 04
T6 = T8 = 1373 K
For isentropic expansion of gases in the turbine
T6/T7 = (rP2)[(γ-1)/γ] = (2.4)(0.667/1.667) gives T7 = 967.25 K
ɳT = [CPg(T6-T7a)]/[CPg(T6-T7)]
0.90 = (1373 – T7a) / (1373 – 967.25)
T7a = 1007.8 K
For ideal reheating T6 = T8 = 1373 K
For isentropic expansion in low pressure turbine
T8/T9 = (rP1)[(γ-1)/γ] = (2.5)(0.667/1.667) gives T9 = 951.6 K
ɳT = [CPg(T8-T9a)]/[CPg(T8-T9)]
0.90 = (1373 – T9a) / (1373 – 951.6)
T9a = 993.7 K
PROBLEM # 04
For regenerator efficiency
ɳR = (T5-T4a) / (T9a-T4a)]
0.85 = (T5 – 472.5) / (993.7 – 472.5)
T5 = 915 K

Ẇnet = ṁHe(WT1 + WT2 - WC1 – WC2)


Ẇnet = 90 * [CP (T6 – T7a) + CP (T8 – T9a ) – CP (T2a – T1) – CP (T4a – T3)]

Ẇnet = 90 * [5.19 (1373 – 1007.8) + 5.19 (1373 – 993.7) - 5.19 (481.25 - 310) - 5.19 (472.5 - 310)]
Ẇnet = 191861.1 kW
PROBLEM # 04
Total heat supplied

Q’total = ṁHe CP [(T6 – T5) + (T8 – T7a)]

Q’total = 90 * 5.19 * [(1373 - 915) +(1373 – 1007.8)] = 384516.72 kW

ɳth = Ẇnet / Q’total = 191861.1 / 384516.72 = 49.9 %


PROBLEM # 05
Consider an ideal standard Brayton cycle in which air enters into the compressor at 100 Pa and 20 oC, and
pressure ratio across compressor is 12:1, maximum temperature in the cycle is 1100 oC, and air flow rate is
10 kg/sec. Ideal regenerator is incorporated in the cycle, find thermal efficiency of the cycle.
PROBLEM # 06
If the problem # 05 is modified having isentropic efficiency of compressor as 85% and isentropic
efficiency of turbine as 88%, calculate the cycle thermal efficiency.

PROBLEM # 07
Repeat the problem # 05 having regenerator efficiency of 75 %
PROBLEM # 08
A large stationary Brayton cycle gas turbine power plant deliver output of 100 MW to an electric
generator, minimum temperature in the cycle is 300 K and maximum temperature in the cycle is 1600 K,
minimum pressure is 100 KPa and compressor pressure ratio is 14:1, calculate power output of turbine,
and what portion of turbine output is required to drive the compressor. What is thermal efficiency of the
cycle.

PROBLEM # 09
Repeat the problem # 08, when the isentropic efficiencies of compressor and turbine are 85% and 88%
respectively.
Repeat the problem # 08 with the use of regenerator having efficiency of 75%
PROBLEM # 10
Consider
  an ideal gas turbine cycle with two stages of compression and two stages of expansion. The
pressure ratio across each compressor stage and each turbine stage is 8:1. The pressure at entrance to the
first compressor is 100 KPa. The temperature at entrance of each compressor is 20oC and temperature at
entrance of each turbine is 1100oC. Ideal regenerator is also incorporated in the cycle.

Determine;
(a) Work of compression
(b) Work of turbine
(c) Cycle thermal efficiency
(d) Prove that for optimum pressure ratio P2/P1 = P3/P4 = rP, T2 =

Note: For optimum value of rP


d(Wnet)/drP = 0

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