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Synchronization of Two Power Sources

This document discusses synchronization of power sources, which is the process of matching the speed and frequency of a generator to an electrical grid. It describes the major conditions that must be met for synchronization, including matching voltage magnitude, frequency, phase sequence, and phase angle. It then discusses three techniques for synchronization - the three dark lamps method, two bright one dark lamps method, and synchroscope method. These techniques help match the frequency and phase sequence between the generator and grid to allow safe connection and power transfer.

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Muhammad Ansar
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209 views9 pages

Synchronization of Two Power Sources

This document discusses synchronization of power sources, which is the process of matching the speed and frequency of a generator to an electrical grid. It describes the major conditions that must be met for synchronization, including matching voltage magnitude, frequency, phase sequence, and phase angle. It then discusses three techniques for synchronization - the three dark lamps method, two bright one dark lamps method, and synchroscope method. These techniques help match the frequency and phase sequence between the generator and grid to allow safe connection and power transfer.

Uploaded by

Muhammad Ansar
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Synchronization of two

Power Sources
Synchronization ?
Synchronization is the process of matching the speed and frequency of a generator or other
source to a running network.
An AC generator cannot deliver power to an electrical grid unless it is running at the
same frequency as the network. If two segments of a grid are disconnected, they cannot
exchange AC power again until they are brought back into exact synchronization.
Major Conditions for Synchronization

• Line voltage
• Frequency
• Phase sequence
• Phase angle
• waveform
Conditions For Synchronization
• Voltage Magnitude
Voltage of the incoming generator needs to be same as the voltage across the bus bars. If the
incoming alternator voltage is more than the bus bar voltage, there will be a high reactive power
that flows from the generator into the grid.
• Frequency
The frequency of the incoming generator must be equal to the frequency of the bus bar. Improper
matching of frequency results high acceleration and deceleration in the prime mover that
increases the transient torque.
• Phase Angle
The phase angle between the incoming generator voltage and voltage of the bus bar should be
zero. This can be observed by comparing the occurrence of zero crossing or peaks of the voltage
waveforms.
• Phase Sequence
The phase sequence of the three phases of the alternator which is being connected to the power system
bus must be same as the phase sequence of the three phases of the bus bar (or electric grid). This
problem comes mainly in the event of initial installation or after maintenance.
Techniques for Synchronization

1. Three Dark Lamps Method


2. Two Bright, One Dark Method
3. Synchroscope Method
Three Dark Lamps Method

Phase Sequence
In this method we use three lamps across the same phase of two incoming sources.
When the lamps goes on and off at the same time that means phase sequence is correct.
On the other hand if the lamps on and off one after another it means phase sequence is not
correct.
Frequency Difference
The flickering rate of the lamps
will decide the matching of
frequency. The rate of flickering
needs to be reduce for matching
the frequency when the lamps
become dark it means all conditions
are set for synchronization.
Two Bright and One Dark Lamp Method
Here, the lamp L2 is connected across the pole in the middle line of synchronizing switch as
similar to the dark lamp method, whereas the lamps L1 and L3 are connected in a transposed
manner.
L1-L2-L3 Frequency of G2 is greater than G1
L1-L3-L2 Frequency of G2 is less than G1

The disadvantage of this method is that


the correctness of phase sequence cannot
be checked.
Synchroscope Method

It is similar to the two bright and one dark lamp method and indicates whether the alternator
frequency is higher or lower than the bus bar frequency. A synchroscope is used for better
accuracy of synchronization and it consists of two pairs of terminals.

What will be the reference source when synching ?

Generator to WAPDA
Generator to Generator
Generator Solar on Grid System.
Thanks !

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