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Derivative of A Function

The document discusses differentiation and finding derivatives from first principles. It provides examples of using the limit definition of the derivative to calculate the derivatives of various functions, including f(x)=x^2, f(x)=4x+2x^2, and f(x)=x. It also shows how to evaluate the derivative of a function at specific values.

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liyana
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125 views11 pages

Derivative of A Function

The document discusses differentiation and finding derivatives from first principles. It provides examples of using the limit definition of the derivative to calculate the derivatives of various functions, including f(x)=x^2, f(x)=4x+2x^2, and f(x)=x. It also shows how to evaluate the derivative of a function at specific values.

Uploaded by

liyana
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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2.

1 Tangent Lines and Rates of Change


2.2 The Derivative Function
2.3 Introduction to Techniques of
Differentiation
2.4 The Product and Quotient Rules
2.5 Derivatives of Trigonometric
Functions
2.6 The Chain Rule
The process of finding the derivative of
a function is called DIFFERENTIATION.

dy
Sometimes , we can write as f’(x) or y’
dx

dy
dy Gradient function or slope

Derived function
dx
dx ‘ derivative of y with respect to x’
first principles
The First
The First Principle
Principle of
of Derivative
Derivative
f ( x  h)  f ( x )
f '  x   y '  lim
h 0 h
EXAMPLE

Find, from first principles, the derivative


of y with respect to x if y = x2 .
Solution
dy  f ( x  h)  f ( x ) 
 lim
h 0  
dx  h 

 ( x  h)  x 
2 2
 lim  
h0
 h 
 2 xh  ( h) 2 
 lim  
h 0
 h 
 lim  2 x  h 
h 0

= 2x
Find, from first principles, the derivative of
y with respect to x if

a) f ( x ) = x2 + 1 , ans : 2x

b) f(x) = x 1 ans 1
:
2 x 1
EXAMPLE

If f(x) = 4x + 2x2 , find f’( x ) from


first principles and hence calculate
f’( 2 ) and f’( -2 ).
dy  f ( x  h)  f ( x ) 
f '( x)   lim  
dx h 0  h 

 4( x  h)  2( x  h) 2  4 x  2 x 2 
 lim  
h 0
 h 

 4h  4 xh  2(h) 2
 lim  
h 0
 h 

 lim  4  4 x  2h 
h 0
Since f ' ( x )  4  4 x

then f ' ( 2)  4  4 ( 2)
 12
and

f ' (2)  4  4(2)


 4
EXAMPLE

Find the derivative with respect to x

of f ( x )  x at x = 9
f ( x  h)  f ( x)
f '( x )  lim
h0 h

xh  x
 lim
h 0 h

 lim
 xh  x  xh  x 
h 0 h ( x  h  x)
( x  h)  x
 lim
h 0 h ( x   x)
h
 lim
h 0 h ( x  h  x)
1
 lim
h 0 xh  x
1

2 x
1 1 1
f ' (9)   
2 9 2(3) 6

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