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2.high Level Language and Low Level Language

The document discusses high-level and low-level languages, software, and their hierarchy. It states that low-level languages are closer to machine language while high-level languages are closer to human language. High-level languages are easier for humans to read, write and maintain but must be translated to machine language. Examples of high-level languages include C, C++, Pascal and FORTRAN.

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3K views

2.high Level Language and Low Level Language

The document discusses high-level and low-level languages, software, and their hierarchy. It states that low-level languages are closer to machine language while high-level languages are closer to human language. High-level languages are easier for humans to read, write and maintain but must be translated to machine language. Examples of high-level languages include C, C++, Pascal and FORTRAN.

Uploaded by

kshitijbi
Copyright
© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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High-level and Low-level Languages

 Low-level languages are closer to the machine language.


 High-level languages are closer to the human language.

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High-level and Low-level Languages(cont..)
 The main advantage of high-level languages over low-level
language is that they are easier to read, write, and maintain.
 Ultimately, programs written in a high-level language must be
translated into machine language
 The first high-level programming languages were designed in
the 1950s.
 High-level languages are C,C++, Pascal, FORTRAN, LISP,
Prolog,Ada,Algol..etc

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Example

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Absolute Machine Code
 The very lowest possible level at which you can program a
computer is in its own native machine code, consisting of
strings of 1's and 0's and stored as binary numbers.
 The main problems with using machine code directly are
that it is very easy to make a mistake, and very hard to
find it once you realize the mistake has been made.

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Assembly Language
 Assembly language is nothing more than a symbolic
representation of machine code, which also allows
symbolic designation of memory locations.
 Example: MOV AL, 62h
 add ax,bx ;//add value in bx to value in ax, result in ax
 inc ax ; //add one to contents of ax register

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Low Level
Characteristics:
 Direct memory management
 Little-to-no abstraction from the hardware
 Register access
 Statements usually have an obvious correspondence with
clock cycles
 Superb performance

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High-Level

Characteristics:
 Interpreted
 Dynamic constructs (open classes, message-style
methods, etc)
 Poor performance
 Concise code
 Flexible syntax (good for internal DSLs)
 Hybrid paradigm (object-oriented and functional)

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Computer Software
 Software is the collection of computer programs and
related data that provide the instructions telling a
computer what to do
 software is intangible, meaning it "cannot be touched
 Software is the information that the computer uses to get
the job done. Software needs to be accessed before it can
be used

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System Software
 System software is computer software designed to operate
the computer hardware and to provide and maintain a
platform for running application software
 It also provides a platform to run high-level system software
and application software
 The most important types of system software are:
 System software helps to use the operating system and
computer system
 Software exists as ideas, concepts, and symbols, but it has no
substance

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System Software(cont..)
 Examples of system software:
 Boot loaders:- A small program that loads the operating system
into the computer’s memory when the system is booted and also
starts the operating system
 BIOS:- The basic input/output system (BIOS) performs some initial
tests
 Loaders:- An operating system utility that copies programs from a
storage device to main memory , where they can be executed
 Linkers:- A linker is a program that combines object modules to
form an executable program
 Utility Software:- which helps to analyze, configure, optimize and
maintain the computer, anti-virus, disk cleanser, Network utility
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Application Software
 Application software is a computer program designed to help
people perform an activity
 Application software includes end-user applications of
computers such as word processors, media players and
videos games
 Application software allows end users to accomplish one or
more specific tasks(not directly computer development
related)
 Applications software sits on top of systems software because
it is unable to run without the operating system and system
utilities
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Examples of Application Software
Typical applications include:
 Business software
 Videos games
 Educational software
 Medical Software
 Military Software

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Hierarchy

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Hierarchy(cont..)

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