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Ac Generators: (A Condensed Version For Emti Students)

This document provides an overview of marine electrical engineering topics including: 1) AC generators or alternators have stationary windings in the stator and rotating field windings in the rotor, which induces EMF in the stator. 2) Types of rotor designs for alternators include revolving armature, revolving field, and stationary field types. 3) Automatic voltage regulators (AVRs) are used to control the output voltage of alternators by controlling the field current. 4) Paralleling and load sharing controls are required when multiple alternators supply power to a busbar to ensure equal power distribution.

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tharindu hasaranga
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31 views13 pages

Ac Generators: (A Condensed Version For Emti Students)

This document provides an overview of marine electrical engineering topics including: 1) AC generators or alternators have stationary windings in the stator and rotating field windings in the rotor, which induces EMF in the stator. 2) Types of rotor designs for alternators include revolving armature, revolving field, and stationary field types. 3) Automatic voltage regulators (AVRs) are used to control the output voltage of alternators by controlling the field current. 4) Paralleling and load sharing controls are required when multiple alternators supply power to a busbar to ensure equal power distribution.

Uploaded by

tharindu hasaranga
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Marine Electrical Engineering

( A CONDENSED VERSION FOR EMTI STUDENTS)

AC GENERATORS
EDITED : D E DHANSINGH
SOURCE: H. COTTON
DENNIS HALL
ANWANI & THERAJAs
EDITED BY: D.E.DHANSINGH

Armature & Field windings


 Conductors placed on a rotating armature were suitable for DC
and smaller low voltage AC generation. But AC generation at
high capacity and high voltages necessitated use of static
conductors.
 In AC generators or Alternators, the windings in which EMF is
induced are stationary and placed in the Stator
 The field windings are placed in the rotor and fed with DC
voltage.
 EMF is induced in the stator windings due to the relative motion
between the stator windings and the rotor field which is driven
by the prime mover
(FOR TRAINING ONLY)
EDITED BY: D.E.DHANSINGH

Types of Rotors - Alternators

(FOR TRAINING ONLY)


EDITED BY: D.E.DHANSINGH

Excitation of Alternators

(FOR TRAINING ONLY)


A Typical SCR control
(As used in AVRs)

I DC I DC
A _
K

MAIN FIELD
+

V AC
GATE CONTROL
+ G CI RCUIT

SET INPUT
1. DIODES WITH TWO TERMINALS ANODE & CATH ODE
ARE USED FOR NORMAL RECTIFICATION.
V AC
2. A TH YRISTOR WILL CONDUCT WH EN TH E
ANODE IS POSITIVE W.R.T CATH ODE AND A
BRIEF PO SITIVE TRIGGER PULSE IS
AP P LIED TO TH E GATE
3. BY CONTROLLING TH E TIMING OF GATE P ULSE,
DURATION OF CONDUCTION AND TH ERBY TH E
OUTPUT DC CURRENT CAN BE CONTROLLED
I DC
SH ADED PORTIO N INDICATES
DURATION O F CONDUCTION.
4. DC OUTP UT WILL BE PULSATING AND TH E
CAPACITOR AND CH OKE WILL SMOOTH EN
TH E DC CURRENT AND VOLTAGE RESPECTIVELY
1 2 3
EDITED BY: D.E.DHANSINGH

AVR – Block Diagram

(FOR TRAINING ONLY)


EDITED BY: D.E.DHANSINGH

AVR – Voltage Response

(FOR TRAINING ONLY)


Essential characteristics of
an AVR.
 Speed of response – The AVR must
quickly sense the change in terminal
voltage and adjust the terminal voltage
accordingly
 Stability – The AVR must effect
changes in the terminal voltages to take
place with minimum oscillations.
EDITED BY: D.E.DHANSINGH

Brushless Excitation -
Alternators

(FOR TRAINING ONLY)


EDITED BY: D.E.DHANSINGH

Voltage Regulation
 With change in load, there is a change in terminal
voltage of an alternator. The magnitude of this
change depends not only on the load but also on the
load power factor.
 The voltage regulation of an alternator is defined as
“ ratio between the rise in voltage when full
load is thrown off (field excitation and speed
remaining constant) and the terminal voltage”

%Regulation = Eo-V/V x 100.

(FOR TRAINING ONLY)


EDITED BY: D.E.DHANSINGH

Shaft-Driven Generator
Shaft generators are driven directly by the slow
moving propeller shaft or gear connected to main
engine.
The frequency of the shaft generator will vary
with the engine speed but has to be regulated so
that the SG must feed a constant frequency to
the busbar.A frequency regulator achieves the
above object with an AC-DC-AC converter.
The performance of the converter relies upon
the PF of the busbar to be near unity.
Since the load at the busbar is largely inductive,
a synchronous motor whose excitation can be
varied and make it take a leading current is
added to maintain a near unity PF and thereby
improving the performance of the converter in the
frequency converter.
A combined regulator for voltage and frequency
regulator improves the output of the SG and
assures a constant voltage and constant
frequency at the busbars from NO LOAD to
FULLLOAD.
EDITED BY: D.E.DHANSINGH

Paralleling of Alternators

(FOR TRAINING ONLY)


EDITED BY: D.E.DHANSINGH

Load Sharing of Alternators

(FOR TRAINING ONLY)

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