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Musculoskeletal Disorders KMU

This document discusses various musculoskeletal disorders and conditions, including spinal deformities like lordosis, kyphosis, and scoliosis; spinal abnormalities; fractures of different types; hip dislocation; and rheumatoid arthritis. It describes the characteristics, causes, signs and symptoms, and treatment approaches for each condition. In general, it emphasizes the importance of prevention of further injury or complications, management of pain and swelling, and promotion of proper healing through immobilization, bracing, exercise, or surgery as appropriate for the individual condition.

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72 views18 pages

Musculoskeletal Disorders KMU

This document discusses various musculoskeletal disorders and conditions, including spinal deformities like lordosis, kyphosis, and scoliosis; spinal abnormalities; fractures of different types; hip dislocation; and rheumatoid arthritis. It describes the characteristics, causes, signs and symptoms, and treatment approaches for each condition. In general, it emphasizes the importance of prevention of further injury or complications, management of pain and swelling, and promotion of proper healing through immobilization, bracing, exercise, or surgery as appropriate for the individual condition.

Uploaded by

SHAFIQ
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Musculoskeletal Disorders

By
Hidayatullah khan
KMU
Spinal Deformities
• Lordosis
– Abnormal “inward” or anterior curvature
– Accentuation of normal curve of lumbar spine
– Frequently gradual onset
– Affects lumbar spine
– Also called “swayback”
Spinal Deformities
• Kyphosis
– Abnormal “outward” curvature of the spine
– Accentuation of normal thoracic spine curvature
– Also called “humpback” or “roundback”
– Commonly due to pathological fractures of spine
in osteoporosis
Spinal Deformities
• Scoliosis
– Lateral (sideways) curvature of the spine
– May go to left or right
– May involve some rotation of spinal column
– May be caused by discrepancy in leg lengths
– Surgery possible if interferes with breathing or
mobility
Spinal Abnormalities

Fig. 50-8, p. 1423


5
Spinal Deformities
• Etiologies
– Posture, leg length differences, congenital, epiphyseal
growth disturbance, trauma, tumors, infection, arthritis,
TB, endocrine
– congenital
– neuromuscular disease
– idiopathic
• S/S: usually backache, fatigue, abnormal
appearance or fitting of clothes
• Treatment: PT, exercise, braces, surgery, pain relief
Fractures
• Closed/simple
• Open/compound
• Greenstick
• Displaced
• Comminuted
• Segmental
• Spiral
• Pathological
Fractures
• Etiology: trauma or disease
• S/S: usually pain and swelling
• Treatment:
– Rest, decreased use
– Splint, sling, cast
– Surgery
Common Treatments
• Immobilization
– Cast
– Traction
– Bedrest
– Brace
• Surgery

9
Hip dislocation

• Definition: the head of the femur is improperly


seated in the acetabulum of the pelvis.
• Congenital or developmental
• Varying in degree

10
Treatment Goals
• Prevent:
– Weakness of hip muscles
– Stiffness,  ROM
– Arthritis

11
Sign and sympotoms
• Routine infant screening
– Asymmetry of gluteal skin folds
– Limited ROM
– Asymmetric abduction
– Positive Allis’ sign

12
Therapeutic management
newborn to 6 months
• Pavlik Harness
– Maintain flexion, abduction, external
rotation
• Worn continuously 23 hrs/day (usually 3-6 mo).
– Skin integrity
– Lower extremity tissue perfusion

13
Rheumatoid Arthritis
• Chronic, systemic, polyarticular inflammatioy
disease
– Destruction (erosion) of bone & cartilage
– Causes ankylosis (fibrous fusion of joints,
immobile)
• Exacerbations and remissions unpredictable
• Affects mostly females
– Increasing risk with advancing age
Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA)
• Etiology: autoimmune, genetics
• S/S: symmetric pain, swelling of hands &
fingers, also other LE joints, systemic (fever,
fatigue, wt. Loss)
• Dx testing: Rheumatoid factor blood test
• Treatment:
– Antiinflammatories, PT, antimetabolites,
antirheumatic drugs
General Nursing Considerations
any musculoskeletal condition
• Prevent  Manage nutrition
neurovascular injury  Anxiety
• Prevent/monitor for  Knowledge deficit
infection (child & parent) re:
• Prevent injury r/t disease process and
falls, etc treatment
 Manage effects of
• Comfort
immobilization

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