Transduction
Microbial Genetics - (BIT-603)
Seminar Presentation
SUBMITTED TO: SUBMITTED BY:
Dr. Kanchan Heer Jai Kumar (19MBI1007)
Introduction
• Transduction is the process by which foreign DNA is introduced into a cell by
a virus or viral vector.
• Example: Viral transfer of DNA from one bacterium to another and hence an
example of horizontal gene transfer.
• Transduction was discovered by Norton Zinder and Joshua Lederberg at the
University of Wisconsin–Madison in 1952 in Salmonella.
• Transduction is of three major types:
1. Generalized transduction
2. Specialized transduction.
3. Lateral transduction……
Difference between Transduction and Conjugation.
TRANSDUCTION. CONJUGATION.
It is a process in which a virus Bacterial conjugation is the transfer
transfers the genetic material from of genetic material between bacterial
one bacterium to another. cells by direct cell-to-cell contact or
by a bridge-like connection between
two cells.
Transduction does not require It requires physical contact between
physical contact between the cell the cell donating the DNA and the
donating the DNA and the cell cell receiving the DNA
receiving the DNA
No such factors are present transfer F factor i.e fertility factor/sex factor
takes place with the help of virus as a forms the F-pilli which help in the
vector transfer of genetic material by the
formation of conjugation bridge
Occurs in 2 parts: Lytic and lysogenic It is a direct transfer so no such
cycles. cycles are there.
Lytic and Lysogenic Cycles.
Generalized Transduction.
• If all the fragments of donor DNA from any region of chromosome have a chance to enter into
transducing bacteriophage then it is known as generalized transduction.
• In this type of transduction, at first bacteriophage infects donor cell and begins lytic cycle.
• When virus enter into bacterial cell, virus hijack host cell and synthesize virus components
such as genome, enzymes, capsid, head tail and tail fibers. Then viral enzyme hydrolyses host
cell DNA into small fragments.
• During assembly of virus component to form progeny viruses, sometime any of the fragments
of donor DNA get incorporated into the virus capsid (bacteriophage head). Such abnormal
bacteriophage when infects a new cell, it can transfer this donor DNA into new bacteria. Since
this donor DNA is not viral DNA, it does not replicates inside recipient bacteria but undergoes
homologous recombination with recipient cell’s chromosomal DNA forming recombinant cell.
Specialized Transduction.
• In specialized transduction, bacteriophage transfer only a few restricted
gene (DNA fragments) from donor bacteria to recipient bacteria.
Specialized transduction is carried only by temperate bacteriophage
which undergoes lysogenic cycle in donor cell.
• At first temperate bacteriophage enter into donor bacteria and then its
genome gets integrated with host cell’s DNA at certain location and
remains dormant and pass generation to generation into daughter cell
during cell division. The bacteriophage which follows lysogenic cycle is
known as temperate phage.
• When such lysogenic cell is exposed to certain stimulus such as some
chemicals or UV lights, it causes induction of virus genome from host cell
genome and begins lytic cycle.
• On induction from donor DNA, this phage genome sometimes carries a part
of bacterial DNA with it. The bacterial DNA lies on sides of integrated phage
DNA are only carried during induction.
• When such bacteriophage carries a part of donor bacterial DNA infects a
new bacteria, it can transfer that donor DNA fragments into new recipient
cell. So, in this specialized transduction only those restricted gene are
situated on the side of integrated viral genome have a chance to enter into
recipient cell.
Differences between Generalized and Specialized Transduction.
FACTORS. GENERALIZED. SPECIALIZED.
Vector Virulent phage or Temperate phage.
temperate phage in
lytic cycle.
Target gene Any donor gene. A specific piece of
chromosomal DNA
adjacent to the site
of insertion of
prophage.
Time Bacteriolysis Lysogenic phase.
phase.
Cause Error in packaging Error in excision.
Applications of Transduction.
Application
Gene therapy: s in medical
correcting genetic sectors
Resistance to
diseases by direct
antibiotic drugs.
modifications of
genetic errors
Applications of Transduction.
Creating bacteria's
for solving
Creation of
environmental
resistance crops.
problems like oil
spills.
References and Bibliography.
• Transduction, Genetic at the US National Library of Medicine
Medical Subject Headings (MeSH)
• Jones E, Hartl DL (1998). Genetics: principles and analysis. Boston: Jones and
Bartlett Publishers. ISBN 978-0-7637-0489-6.
• Griffiths AJ, Miller JH, Suzuki DT, Lewontin RC, Gelbart WM (2000).
"Transduction". An Introduction to Genetic Analysis (7th ed.).
• Zinder ND, Lederberg J (November 1952). "Genetic exchange in Salmonella".
Journal of Bacteriology. 64 (5): 679–99. PMC 169409. PMID 12999698.
• Snyder L, Peters JE, Henkin TM, Champness W (2013). "Lysogeny: the λ
Paradigm and the Role of Lysogenic Conversion in Bacterial Pathogenesis".
Molecular Genetics of Bacteria (4th ed.). Washington, DC: ASM Press. pp. 340–
343. ISBN 9781555816278.
