Scribd
Upload
79 views39 pages

Part 2: The Data Link Layer

The document summarizes the functions and protocols of the data link layer. It discusses framing, error detection, error correction, and flow control. It then examines elementary data link protocols including unrestricted simplex, stop-and-wait, and protocols for noisy channels. Sliding window protocols using go-back-N and selective repeat are also analyzed. Finally, the Point-to-Point Protocol (PPP) is overviewed including its frame format, phase diagram, and LCP frame types.

Uploaded by

anon user
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
79 views39 pages

Part 2: The Data Link Layer

The document summarizes the functions and protocols of the data link layer. It discusses framing, error detection, error correction, and flow control. It then examines elementary data link protocols including unrestricted simplex, stop-and-wait, and protocols for noisy channels. Sliding window protocols using go-back-N and selective repeat are also analyzed. Finally, the Point-to-Point Protocol (PPP) is overviewed including its frame format, phase diagram, and LCP frame types.

Uploaded by

anon user
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 39

Part 2: The Data Link Layer

CSC 450/550
Summary

Part A Functions
(1) Functions of the data link layer
(2) Framing
(3) Error control
(3.1) Error detection
(3.2) Error correction
(4) Flow control
Part B Protocols
(1) Definitions
(2) Elementary data link protocols
(3) Sliding window protocols
(4) Example data link protocol - PPP

CSC 450/550
Part A: Functions

CSC 450/550
(1) Functions of the Data Link Layer
•Provide service interface to the network layer
•Dealing with transmission errors
•Regulating data flow
•Slow receivers not swamped by fast senders

CSC 450/550
(2.1) Framing

A character stream. (a) Without errors. (b) With one error.

CSC 450/550
(2.2) Framing

(a) A frame delimited by flag bytes.


(b) Four examples of byte sequences before and after
stuffing.
CSC 450/550
(2.3) Framing

Bit stuffing
(a) The original data.
(b) The data as they appear on the line.
(c) The data as they are stored in receiver’s memory after destuffing.

CSC 450/550
(2.4) Framing
Physical Layer Coding Violations:
Used only when physical medium contains some redundancy
1: high-low
0: low-high
high-high and low-low are used for delimiting frames

CSC 450/550
(3.1) Error-Detecting Codes

Calculation of the
polynomial code
checksum.

CSC 450/550
(3.2) Error-Correcting Codes

Use of a Hamming code to correct burst errors.

CSC 450/550
(4) Flow Control
•Feedback-based flow control

•Rate-based flow control

CSC 450/550
Part B: Protocols
(1) Definitions
(2) Elementary data link protocols
(3) Sliding window protocols
(4) Example data link protocol - PPP

CSC 450/550
(1.1) Protocol Definitions

Continued 

Some definitions needed in the protocols to follow.


These are located in the file protocol.h.
CSC 450/550
(1.2)Protocol
Definitions
(ctd.)

Some definitions
needed in the
protocols to follow.
These are located in
the file protocol.h.
CSC 450/550
(2) Elementary Data Link Protocols

• An Unrestricted Simplex Protocol


• A Simplex Stop-and-Wait Protocol
• A Simplex Protocol for a Noisy Channel

CSC 450/550
(2.1)
Unrestricted
Simplex
Protocol

CSC 450/550
(2.2)
Simplex
Stop-and-
Wait
Protocol

CSC 450/550
(2.3.1)A Simplex Protocol for a Noisy Channel

A positive
acknowledgement
with retransmission
protocol.
CSC 450/550
Continued 
(2.3.2) A Simplex Protocol for a Noisy Channel (ctd.)

A positive acknowledgement with retransmission protocol.


CSC 450/550
(3) Sliding Window Protocols

A One-Bit Sliding Window Protocol


A Protocol Using Go Back N
A Protocol Using Selective Repeat

CSC 450/550
(3) Sliding Window Protocols (2)

A sliding window of size 1, with a 3-bit sequence number.


(a) Initially.
(b) After the first frame has been sent.
(c) After the first frame has been received.
(d) After the first acknowledgement has been received.
CSC 450/550
(3.1.1) A One-Bit Sliding Window Protocol

CSC 450/550
Continued 
(3.1.2) A One-Bit Sliding Window Protocol (ctd.)

CSC 450/550
(3.1.3) A One-Bit Sliding Window Protocol

Two scenarios for protocol 4. (a) Normal case. (b) Abnormal


case. The notation is (seq, ack, packet number). An asterisk indicates
where a network layer accepts a packet.

CSC 450/550
(3.2.1) A Protocol Using Go Back N

Pipelining and error recovery. Effect on an error when


(a) Receiver’s window size is 1.
(b) Receiver’s window size is large.
CSC 450/550
(3.2.2)
Sliding Window
Protocol Using
Go Back N

CSC 450/550
Continued 
(3.2.3) Sliding Window Protocol Using
Go Back N

CSC 450/550
Continued 
(3.2.4) Sliding Window Protocol Using Go Back
N

CSC 450/550
Continued 
(3.2.5) Sliding Window Protocol Using Go Back
N

CSC 450/550
(3.2.6) Sliding Window Protocol Using Go
Back N
Simulation of multiple timers in software.

CSC 450/550
(3.3.1) A Sliding Window Protocol Using Selective Repeat

CSC 450/550
Continued 
(3.3.2) A Sliding Window Protocol Using Selective Repeat

CSC 450/550
Continued 
(3.3.3) A Sliding Window Protocol Using Selective Repeat

CSC 450/550
Continued 
(3.3.4) A Sliding Window Protocol Using Selective Repeat

CSC 450/550
(3.3.5) A Sliding Window Protocol Using Selective Repeat

(a) Initial situation with a window size seven.


(b) After seven frames sent and received, but not acknowledged.
(c) Initial situation with a window size of four.
(d) After four frames sent and received, but not acknowledged.
CSC 450/550
(4) PPP

Read RFC 1661: http://www.faqs.org/rfcs/rfc1661.html

CSC 450/550
(4.1) PPP – Point to Point Protocol
The PPP full frame format for unnumbered mode operation.

CSC 450/550
(4.2) PPP – Point to Point Protocol

A simplified phase diagram for bring a line up and down.


CSC 450/550
(4.3) PPP – Point to Point Protocol
The LCP frame types.

CSC 450/550

You might also like