Schlumberger Public

Subsea Well Intervention

RPSEA Presentation

October 31st 2006

 Presentation Intent
• To overview current intervention landscape
• To describe the drivers for Intervention
• To identify and describe the major activities and hardware within a typical
Subsea Intervention

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• To outline typical role of the underwater vehicle within an intervention
• Etc…..

To offer input into discussion of role of Autonomous /

Robotics technologies In Subsea Intervention Arena
 Agenda
• Well Geometry (Features Overview) – Tom Zimmerman
• Subsea Well Intervention Overview – Joe Scranton
• Intervention Definition / Drivers
• Categorization of Intervention

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• Key systems overviews
• The intervention vessel
• The well control system
• The underwater vehicle
• The Subsea Intervention
• Subsea vehicle duties within well intervention
• ROV Tooling Overview
• AUV applicability in the intervention marketplace
 Schlumberger Public
Subsea Light Well Intervention
A Definition
 The Subsea landscape

Metering & Control Tension Leg

Platforms Floating Production Storage &
Systems
Offloading Vessels
Surface

Surface Well
Systems

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Light Well
Intervention
Subsea Drilling
Systems

Standard Subsea Subsea Processing

Trees
Subsea

Subsea Template
Systems Subsea Manifold
Guidelineless
Deepwater Trees
Smart Well
Control Systems ROV Tie-In Systems

Subsurface
Growth in Subsea Developments

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Economic Drivers for Intervention

 Subsea wells under

perform dry tree wells by
an estimated 25%
 This short fall in
production equates to

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$20.7 Billion per annum
 Norwegian Petroleum
Directorate (NPD)
estimate recovery factor
improvements of 5%
attributable to well
intervention
 Prize = $5.15 Billion Per
Year
 Definition of Light/Medium Well Intervention
“Any operation in a subsea wellbore that
does not need a drilling rig to gain
access to the well, to convey the service ..
or .. carry out the operation!”

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Source: Deepstar Report 2002

However….
• Subsea wells under perform platform / dry tree wells
• Cost of intervention prohibits intervention.
• Lack of Subsea Christmas Tree commonality makes this task difficult
The value is in the well work, the cost is in the access.
Why do we intervene Subsea wells…?
To manage the production of the well:
• Maintain or Improve production levels
• Repair wellbore mechanical failures
• Terminate / suspend production
Via well diagnostics:
• Flow characteristics

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• Geological data
• Fluids data
Via altering the state of the well and/or well geometry:
• Pro-actively(planned) or Re-actively (unplanned/failure)
• Shut off unwanted water production
• Reservoir Stimulation / Fracturing
• Re-perforating the production intervals or establishing new intervals
• Open/closing valves
• Replacing parts
• Removing scale or wax precipitates
• Setting plugs
• Etc………
 What do we use to intervene the wells…?
Slickline deployment technology
• Monofilament wire used to mechanically convey tools into wellbore.
• High tensile wire spooled on and off a powered drum
Slickline = Pulling

Wireline deployment technology

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• Multi-strand cable for mechanical conveyance of tools into wellbore, as
well as provide an electrical / fiber optic communication path to the
operator.
• High tensile cable spooled on and off a powered drum
Wireline = Pulling + Communication

Coiled Tubing deployment technology

• Rolled & Welded continuous length of steel tubing which is used to
convey tools, provide communication path, as well as provide a fluid
flow path.
• Coiled tube spooled on and off a reel, utilizing an “Injector” system.
• Tube can have integrated Wireline
Coiled Tubing = Pulling + Communication + Pushing + Pumping
 What problems does being “Subsea” Create…?
• Well Control is priority number one!

• Safety
• Hazardous working environment
• Personnel Risk
• Movement, Pressure, Weather, Heavy Lifts, etc

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• Dynamic working relationship
• Between work platform (vessel) and wellhead (on seabed)
• Risk of environmental release
• Lack of close contact with intervention systems / tooling
• Loss of senses (direct) / Feedback
• HMI (Human Machine Interface)Gap
• Up to 10,000ft.
• Variable weather conditions
• Etc…………
 Typical Intervention Services Utilization
Models
Produc tion Logging: 35%
Stimulation: 17%
SCSSVChange-out: 12%
Subsea Well Intervention (Type) Analysis Tree Controls: 7%

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Permanent Gauges: 6%
Covert to WI: 3%
Re-completion: 3%
Tree Re placeme nt: 3% • 85% of which is in
Aba ndonment: 2%
well intervention
Gas Lift Valve s: 2% • 52% is Wireline /
Perforation: 2% Slickline serviceable
Tubing repair: 2%
Fishing: 1%
Flowline : 1%
Source K-Log 1997 J umper: 1%
Well Suspension: 1%
Tubing hanger replacement: 1%
General Valve re pla ceme nt: 1%
Schlumberger
Subsea Intervention
Systems
WellOPSUK Seawell
Subsea Intervention Lubricator (SIL)
• Since late 80’s an excess of 250 wells intervened

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• Cased Hole Logging, Perforating, Slickline
Subsea Intervention
Subsea Intervention System Development Lubricator

• 7 3/8” x 10Kpsi system designed and delivered to Caldive

• For both Horizontal x Conventional Tree styles

Subsea Completion Tree (SenTREE)

7 3/8” x 10kpsi
• Since late 1999 an excess of 200 wells intervened SS Int. System
• 150 Additional wells committed
Large Bore
SenTREE System
Intervention Genesis & Industry Firsts
Flopetrol in Brazil 1970’s with a manned module for slickline
First subsea intervention
 BP Magnus July 1987
First field abandonment
 Argyll field – Hamilton Brothers – Jan 1993
First subsea wellhead machining repair
 Ellon field – Total – April 1995
First subsea Cristmas tree change out

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 Ivanhoe / Rob Roy field – November 1995
First subsea coiled tubing intervention
 Gannet field – Shell Expro – December 1997
First recover / re-installation of an ESP Xmas tree
 Gannet field – Shell Expro – January 1998
First intervention into a horizontal Xmas tree
 Arkwright field – Amoco – October 1998
First deep water field abandonment (Horizontal Trees)
 Cooper – EEX – August 1999 Slb Compliant Guide
First diver less well de-commissioning operation in North sea System (2006…)
 Tommeliten – Statoil – June 2000
2000 Onwards – Multiple Interventions (Light through heavy weight)
 Schlumberger Public
Subsea Well Intervention
Categorization
Subsea Intervention landscape

• Water Depths shall vary:

• 300 – 10,000ft (15,000ft by 2015)
• Hydrocarbon pressures at the wellhead shall vary
• 1,000 – 15,000 psi (20,000 psi by 2015)

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• A vessel shall be present
• Positioned above well throughout intervention
• Within +/- 100m watch circle of wellhead
• +/- 100 Crew required for vessel / Intervention management
• Control of well is handed over to vessel at time of
intervention
• Production facility shall not have control
• A Subsea support vehicle(s) shall always be used
• Duties dependant on SS Intervention system design.
• Support vehicle(s) shall be managed from intervention
vessel.
• Durations shall vary (depending on WD, intervention need, etc)
• Up to 2 weeks
 Subsea Well Intervention
Well Intervention Vessel Categories
VESSEL(A) VESSEL(B) VESSEL (C)
Light intervention Medium intervention Heavy Intervention

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 Subsea Well Intervention
Well Intervention Vessel Categories
Cat A Cat B Cat C
Light intervention Medium intervention Heavy Intervention

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• Wireline and Slickline • Coiled Tubing, Wireline and Slickline • Heavy Operations
• Benchmark 9 days/ well job • Benchmark 9 days/ well job • Benchmark 15 days/ well job
$150K – 200K /day $150K – 300K /day $360K – 840K/day

• Operations • Operations (Cat A +) • Operations (Cat B +)

Logging (PLT’s) Flowline Intervention Scale milling
Light perforating Well commissioning (TCP guns+unloading) Completion change-out/ repair
Zone isolation Well abandonment (P&A) Re-drill or sidetrack
Plug setting/removal Downhole Pump changeout Xmas tree change-out
Squeeze, acidizing or fracturing
Sand or Scale cleanout
Water shut-off (Plug and perf or patch)
Scraping
DH valve retrieval, replacement, shifting
Casing leak repairs
 Schlumberger Public
Subsea Well Intervention
Key Sub-System Overviews
 The Subsea landscape
The
The Subsea Vessel
Metering & Vehicle
Control (Work Platform)
Floating Production Storage &
Systems Tension Leg
(Intervention Supp.) Offloading Vessels
Platforms

Surface Well
Systems
Light Well The Intervention

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Intervention
System
Subsea Drilling (Temp. Well Ctrl.)
Systems

The Subsea Subsea Processing

Standard Subsea
Trees Tree
(Perm.Prod.Ctrl.)

Subsea Manifold
Smart Well Guidelineless
Control Systems Subsea Template Deepwater Trees
Systems
ROV Tie-In Systems
Scope of Supply – Light/Medium Weight Intervention
Vessel

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Subsea Well Intervention – The Vessel
• Provides a mobile work platform from which the
Subsea Intervention activities take place.
• Provides support capabilities to the operation in
the form of:
• Heavy Lift

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• Derrick and Crane
• Moon Pool
• Subsea Vehicles (ROV)
• Tailored bed capacity (100+)
• Fluids handling
• Fire and Gas Systems
• Vessel:
• Monohull (Purpose built / DP2+)
• Semi-Submersible
• Size:
• Monohull: 100-120m / 15,000tonnes
• Semi: 4,000VDL / 24,000tonnes
Subsea Well Intervention – The Tree

• Positioned on seabed, located on Subsea wellhead

• Permanently (upto 25years producing life)
• Provides, via control system, well control between well

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itself and seabed pipeline facilities
• Designed and manufactured:
• By multiple companies
• Using industry standards.
• Two dominant tree styles
• Horizontal / Vertical (referring to axis that valves are located
w.r.t wellbore)
• Tree styles alters manor in which intervention takes
place, but does not alter vehicle activities.
• Size:
• 4m3 x 40-60tonnes
• Cost:
• $3,000-$6,000k
Subsea Well Intervention –
Intervention Hardware
• Provides the ability to re-enter a Subsea well (on a
temporary basis) with a variety of tools:
• To either effect a physical change of state in well
• To establish data of well condition

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• Establishes additional well control hardware onto well,
beyond that typically resident in Subsea tree.
• Allows the insertion and removal of intervention tooling
into the well, whilst the well remains pressurized.
• Designed and manufactured:
• By multiple companies
• Using industry standards.
• Size:
• (4m x 4m x 15m) x 40 - 60tonnes
• Cost:
• $6,000k to $30,000k
Intervention System Summary
Subsea Lubricator Example

Subsea Stuffing Box / Grease Head

• Provides environmental seal for slickline / wireline and wellbore
• Retrieve-able interface for running intervention tools

Upper Well Control Head Assembly (Wireline / Slickline)

• Provides well control in upper lubricator section
• Incorporates tool catcher

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Lubricator Section
• Pressure containing section for storing wellbore tools
• Length can be varied

Emergency Disconnection Assembly

• Provides remotely controlled interface for separating lubricator
from Lower well control stack
Lower Well Control Assembly
• Small bore BOP system to provide additional barriers to environment for
intervention activities
• Contains valves/rams to cut intervention media / tools
Tree Interface Assembly / Tree Running Tool
• Tree / Well specific interface
• Allows LWI System to mate with well
 Schlumberger Public
Subsea Well Intervention
The role of the vehicle
 Subsea Xmas Tree
Vehicle Duties within an Intervention
Survey (Visual only)
• Well position establishment / Depth correlation
• Leak Detection
• Interface condition (prior to intervention)
• Valve position verification

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• Connector position verification
• Etc…..

Well Preparation (Varies depending on intervention)

• Obstruction removal (manipulator)
• Guideline / Guidewire establishment (manipulator)
• Protective cover removal (manipulator)
• Lift line establishment (manipulator)
• Tree Cap / Wellhead Connector / etc.
• Etc…..

Vertical / Conventional Tree

 Subsea Xmas Tree
Vehicle Duties within an Intervention

Well Intervention (Varies depending on intervention)

• Valve Actuator Override (TDU / Piston / T-Tool)
• Temporary / Permanent
• Wellhead Connector Override (Hyd Jack)

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• Sub-assembly retrieval (Spec Tooling/ Piston / T-Tool)
• Choke / Control Module / Cap / MPFM / etc….
• Lift line establishment (manipulator)
• Tree Cap / Wellhead Connector / etc.
• Heavy lift guidance (thrust)
• Function Hot-stabbing (Hydraulically / Electrically)
• Measurement
• Gasket / Seal change-out (manipulator)
• Surface Cleaning (manipulator / Brush / Jet)
• Video Support
• Etc…..

Vertical / Conventional Tree

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Subsea Well Intervention
ROV / AUV Considerations
 ROV use in Subsea
Interventions
Pros
• Power availability
• Hydraulic and / or electrical
• 100-500hp @ thrusters
• Continuous

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• Communications / Control
• Robust – Fiber Optic to surface control & operator
• Real-time feedback
• Multi-channel video
• Force feedback tactility of tooling systems

Cons
• Vessel Dependency
• Vessel needs to be located very close to Subsea
operation
• Excursion limited to 10’s of meters from TMS
• Tether
• Limiting to freedom of vehicle within structures
 Typical ROV Interfaces / Tools (Common with Intervention)
ROV Panel
• Project specific interface
• Mounted on side face of SS
Structure allowing vehicle to dock.
• Typically uses API 17D Interfaces

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• Small valve rotation
ROV Interface panel • Hydraulic/electrical hot stabbing
• Video Support
Flying Lead Orientation Tool (FLOT)
• Project specific interface
Flying Lead • For attaching/removing
Orientation Tool
hydraulic/electrical connections
• FLOT operations require lifting of
umbilicals (100’s lbs), as well as
torque/video activity.
ROV Manipulator
ROV Manipulator Arm • Electro/mechanical arm, with
multiple degrees of freedom.
 AUV use in Subsea
Interventions
Pros
• Tether-Less
• No physical connection to support vessel once
launched (Vessel can multi-task)

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• Can be launched without surface support vessel
• Opens weather window of utilization
Cons
• Power
• Limited in power and duration of operation due to
power limitations
• Battery / Fuel Cell
• Limited horsepower reduces ability for AUV to offer
mechanical services Subsea (Push/Pull/Turn/Lift…)
• Surface Vessel Proximity Dependency - Communications
• Analog acoustic within 90deg comms cone from
surface (Digital Spread Spectrum enhances this)
Subsea Well Intervention
RPSEA Presentation

October 31st 2006

Schlumberger Public
End