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Training Program On Basic Process Engineering Practices For Technip India Ltd. by

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83 views19 pages

Training Program On Basic Process Engineering Practices For Technip India Ltd. by

Uploaded by

Krishanu Saha
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Module 10 – Heat Exchanger

Training Program on
Basic Process Engineering Practices
For
Technip India Ltd.

By

Spectra Dynamics Limited

September 6, 2020 © Technomanage / Spectradynamics 1


Module10
Module 10 – Heat Exchanger

Type of Heat Exchangers

• Shell and Tube


• Air Coolers
• Double Pipe
• Plate
• Plate-fin
• Steam Surface Condensers

September 6, 2020 © Technomanage / Spectradynamics 2


Module10
Module 10 – Heat Exchanger

Names Based on Service

• Reboilers
• Condensers
• Preheaters
• Cooler / Heater
• Intercooler / After cooler
• Superheater
• Chiller
• Waster Heat Boiler
• Vapouriser

September 6, 2020 © Technomanage / Spectradynamics 3


Module10
Module 10 – Heat Exchanger

Codes

• API 660 Shell and Tube Heat Exchangers for Refinery Service
• API 661 Air Cooled Heat Exchangers
• Tema Class R for refinery service
Class C for General Commercial
Class B for Chemical process industry
• HEI (Heat Exchanger Institute)
• ASME Pressure Vessel Codes

September 6, 2020 © Technomanage / Spectradynamics 4


Module10
Module 10 – Heat Exchanger

Tema Type

September 6, 2020 © Technomanage / Spectradynamics 5


Module10
Module 10 – Heat Exchanger
Tema Type, contd….

Head A/L Removable Channel & Cover


Head B/M Bonnet (Integral cover)
Head C/N Integral with tube sheet & Removable cover
Head D Special high pressure enclosure
Rear Head P Outside packed floating head
Rear Head S Floating head with backing device
Rear Head T Pull-through floating head
Rear Head U U-tube bundle
Rear Head X Externally sealed floating tube sheet
Shell E One-pass
Shell F Two-pass shell with longitudinal baffle

September 6, 2020 © Technomanage / Spectradynamics 6


Module10
Module 10 – Heat Exchanger

Tema Type, contd….

Shell G Split flow


Shell H Double split flow
Shell J Divided flow
Shell K Kettle Reboiler
Shell X Cross flow

September 6, 2020 © Technomanage / Spectradynamics 7


Module10
Module 10 – Heat Exchanger
Selection Criteria
• Fixed Tube sheet: Type AEL, BEM or NEN are the least
expensive design. Tubes can be mechanically cleaned. Tube
outside mechanical cleaning not possible. Good for smaller
temperature differential.
• U-Tube: Lower fixed cost due to single tube sheet. Free to
expand or contract. Can be mechanically cleaned outside.
Inside bend portion cannot be cleaned.
• Floating Head: They are widely used and costlier
exchangers. The floating head allows free expansion and
removable bundle allows cleaning on both the sides. Tema
type P and W are outside packed and therefore cannot be
used for high pressure. Tema type S is widely used and
requires to remove the floating head before pulling the
bundle out. Tema type T construction permits removal of
tube-bundle along with floating head.

September 6, 2020 © Technomanage / Spectradynamics 8


Module10
Module 10 – Heat Exchanger
Selection Criteria, contd…
• Kettle: This is used as reboiler where vapour is to be
disengaged from the liquid. It is normally provided with U-
bundle.
• Divided Flow: These are used to reduce pressure drop by
splitting flow and reducing path length. They are shell type
G, H, J and X.

September 6, 2020 © Technomanage / Spectradynamics 9


Module10
Module 10 – Heat Exchanger
Tube Layout Pattern and Pitch
• Pitch is defined as the shortest center-to-center distance
between adjacent tubes.
• Minimum pitch to tube OD ratio is 1.25
• Four types of layout are used in the industry

September 6, 2020 © Technomanage / Spectradynamics 10


Module10
Module 10 – Heat Exchanger
Tube Layout Pattern and Pitch, contd..

September 6, 2020 © Technomanage / Spectradynamics 11


Module10
Module 10 – Heat Exchanger

Tube Layout Pattern and Pitch, contd….


• Triangular pitch is used to get high heat transfer coefficient
but cannot be used when outside mechanical cleaning is
required
• Square pitch is used in kettle reboiler etc. where it gives easy
path to the vapour generated
• Rotated square pitch increases turbulence and can increase
coefficient.

September 6, 2020 © Technomanage / Spectradynamics 12


Module10
Module 10 – Heat Exchanger

Baffles
• Baffles are used for supporting the tubes, provide flow path
and velocity to the shell side fluid. The baffles can be single
segmental, double segmental, triple segmental or NTIW (no-
tubes-in window)

September 6, 2020 © Technomanage / Spectradynamics 13


Module10
Module 10 – Heat Exchanger

Baffles, contd….
• Large baffle spacing reduces heat transfer coefficient and
increases tube vibration probability
• Closer baffle spacing increases pressure drop, creates poor
stream distribution and makes difficulty in cleaning
• An optimum baffle spacing is determined during the thermal
design
• Too small baffle cut distorts the fluid path and creates higher
pressure drop
• Too large baffle cut does not create proper cross-flow
pattern and thus coefficient is reduced
• An optimum baffle cut is to be determined during the thermal
design

September 6, 2020 © Technomanage / Spectradynamics 14


Module10
Module 10 – Heat Exchanger

Baffles, contd….
• Horizontal baffle cut is preferred for single-phase fluid while
vertical cut is provided for condensing fluid
• Nearly identical cross-flow velocity and window velocity will
reduce shell-side pressure drop

September 6, 2020 © Technomanage / Spectradynamics 15


Module10
Module 10 – Heat Exchanger

Stream Analysis

• The shell side flow is divided into the following five streams
to study the shell side flow distribution:
Stream A Tube-to-baffle-hole leakage
Stream B Cross-flow stream
Stream C Bundle bypass stream
Stream E Baffle-to-shell stream
Stream F Pass partition bypass stream

September 6, 2020 © Technomanage / Spectradynamics 16


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Module 10 – Heat Exchanger

Stream Analysis, contd…

September 6, 2020 © Technomanage / Spectradynamics 17


Module10
Module 10 – Heat Exchanger

Stream Analysis, contd…

Stream B is more effective and Stream A is moderately


effective while Stream C as well as F are less effective and
Stream E is not effective.
HTRI calculation do consider these stream analysis in their
thermal design methods. When there is more resistance in
shell side flow, the stream C, E and F increase.

September 6, 2020 © Technomanage / Spectradynamics 18


Module10
Module 10 – Heat Exchanger

Miscellaneous Components
Tie-rods and spacers
Sealing strips and seal rods
Impingement plates or rods
Expansion joints

September 6, 2020 © Technomanage / Spectradynamics 19


Module10

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